<p>Garrett Memorial Chapel is a small Church in the Norman Gothic Style located on Bluff Point in the town of Jerusalem, in Yates County, New York. On 30 March 2001 the Chapel was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Chapel was built in 1930-1931 by the Garrett family of whom Paul Garrett was a major figure in the American wine industry as a memorial to his son Charles who had died of tuberculosis in January 1930. The rectangular plan building is constructed of ashlar granite with cast stone decorative elements. It features a polygonal apse, round arched openings, and a large square corner tower topped by a lantern and weathervane. On the lower level is the church crypt. Also on the property is a contributing concrete block lavatory.</p><br>
<p>The Chapel is normally open from April to November and is serviced by a seasonal access road. The Chapel is non-denominational but is under the stewardship of the Episcopal Diocese of Rochester. It is a popular venue for weddings due to its architecture and scenic views of Keuka Lake and the surrounding area.</p><br>
<p>The Naval Reserve Armory in the South Lake Union neighborhood of Seattle, Washington "is a massive concrete building exhibiting restrained Moderne and Art Deco features".</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by Seattle architect William R. Grant and by B. Marcus Priteca, with Priteca apparently in the lead position. Its construction was promoted by a citizens committee, then was delayed by fears it would be a white elephant, but eventually politicians endorsed and promoted the project, and it secured a $99,997 WPA grant. Later a $69,983 increase was granted, and the project was also funded by $6,399 from the State of Washington and $14,204 from, perhaps uncharacteristically, the University of Washington.</p><br>
<p>It cost $500,000 to construct the building. It was dedicated on July 4, 1942, a "grim summer" point during the war, at a ceremony with honored guest Mrs. Peter Barber, whose three sons had been killed in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.</p><br>
<p>The armory was decommissioned after the war, but got renovation funding in 1946. It was disestablished in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on July 8, 2009 and the listing was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service&#39;s weekly list of July 17, 2009. In 2009, the building is in good condition.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, the armory underwent a major renovation and is now home to Seattle&#39;s Museum of History and Industry It is located in what is now the Lake Union Park, at the south end of Lake Union, a lake connected to the Puget Sound by the Lake Washington Ship Canal in 1917. An earlier use of the site was for the Eastern Mill, a sawmill.</p><br>
<p>The is a massif in the German Central Uplands that is up to. It forms part of the Weser Uplands in Lower Saxony southwest of Hanover and north of Hamelin.</p><br>
<h2>Geographical location</h2><br>
<p>The Süntel is the eastern extension of the Wesergebirge and runs for about 12 km from northwest to southeast. It is surrounded by the valleys of the Aue, Deister-Süntel and Weser. It is also part of the Weser Uplands Schaumburg-Hamelin Nature Park and the Calenberg Uplands.</p><br>
<p>The Hohenstein hill and its immediate vicinity are a nature reserve.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<h3>General</h3><br>
<p>The southeastern part of the Süntel, including the Hohe Egge, consists mainly of Wealden sandstone from the Lower Cretaceous period as well as small anthracite deposits. Its northwestern part, including the Hohenstein with its 350 m long and 50 to 60 m high crags, comprises limestone of the Upper Jurassic period, the Corallian oolith.</p><br>
<h3>Features</h3><br>
<p>The main geological features of the Süntel are:</p><br>
<p>The giant hill caves near Langenfeld, the largest dripstone cave in Lower Saxony,</p><br>
<p>The Schillat Caves, open to visitors to look around,</p><br>
<p>The two highest, natural, waterfalls in Lower Saxony at the Höllenmühle near Langenfeld at the head of the valley of the rocky Höllengrund and</p><br>
<p>The Hohenstein plateau north of Hessisch Oldendorf with rock faces and deep clefts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Historically interesting is the Dachtelfeld, a plateau over 100 hectare in area and up to. In 782 Saxon rebels annihilated part of the Frankish occupation troops, a defeat which was avenged in the same year by Charlemagne at the Massacre of Verden.</p><br>
<p>The Hohenstein is an old Germanic cult site dedicated to the god, Donar. Many ancient legends surround this hill and its rock outcrops: the Hirschsprung, Grüner Altar and Teufelskanzel.</p><br>
<p>On the Amelungsberg there are still the ruins of a medieval fort and a stone age megalith.</p><br>
<p>From more recent times there are traces of the coal mine in the southeastern part of the Süntel near Bad Münder.</p><br>
<p>Between 1933 and 1938 the town of Hamelin erected the Horst-Wessel Monument, subsequently blown up</p><br>
<p>There is a US radar station on the Hohe Egge in the Süntel and a NATO depot near Hülsede</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The Süntel is covered by mixed woods which are dominated by beech, but also has other species such as oak, spruce, hornbeam and coast Douglas-fir and rarer types like the yew and wild service tree. A botanic rarity is the dwarf beech (known in German as the Süntel-Buche or "Süntel beech") of which there are about a dozen old examples still in the Süntel (at Dachtelfeld and Bleeksgrund). The last great dwarf beech wood on the Westeregge was almost completely cleared in 1843. In addition there are numerous, rare species of flower such as varieties of Primula, spring snowflake, horseshoe vetch, harts-tongue fern, spleenwort, ladys slipper, heath spotted orchid, etc.</p><br>
<p>In addition to roe deer and wild boar there are also mouflon wild sheep in the Süntel. Rarer sights are the barn owl, kestrel, black woodpecker and pine marten. The black stork is occasionally seen on the southern slopes.</p><br>
<h2>Economy and tourism</h2><br>
<p>In addition to forestry and tourism quarrying plays an important role in the Süntel.</p><br>
<p>Süntel sandstone was used for many notable buildings in the area such as the Rat Catcher&#39;s House in Hamelin, Barntrup Castle, Schwöbber Castle and Hämelschenburg Castle. Limestone from the quarries near Pötzen, Segelhorst, Langenfeld and Hamelspringe is used in road construction.</p><br>
<p>The town of Münder had a coal mine in the Süntel that operated for about half a century from 1809.</p><br>
<p>In the Süntel, as well as hiking trails with views over the valleys, there are also long, straight, rather monotonous forest tracks without any signs. The Hohenstein crags provide a training ground for rock climbers and mountaineers.</p><br>
<h2>Hills and valleys</h2><br>
<h3>Hills</h3><br>
<p>The main hills and elevations of the Süntel are – with heights in metres above Normalnull (NN):</p><br>
<p>Hohe Egge (437.5 m) with its Süntel Tower (south) and transmission mast (north; 435.2 m); in the centre of the Süntel</p><br>
<p>Bakeder Berg (c. 375 m); southwest of Bakede</p><br>
<p>Hoher Nacken (or: Hohenacken; c. 375 m); northeast of Pötzen</p><br>
<p>Dachtelfeld (356.0 m); in the centre of the Süntel</p><br>
<p>Katzennase (352.7 m); northeast of Hessisch Oldendorf-Haddessen</p><br>
<p>Südwehe (c. 350 m)</p><br>
<p>Hohenstein (340.5 m); including the Grünem Altar, Teufelskanzel, Hirschsprung and nearby Kreuzstein; between Langenfeld and Zersen</p><br>
<p>Amelungsberg (c. 325 m); northeast of Segelhorst</p><br>
<p>Borberg (c. 320 m), including the Roter Stein crag; north-northeast of Hessisch Oldendorf-Bensen</p><br>
<p>Ramsnacken (c. 320 m), including the Moosköpfe crags; southwest of Langenfeld</p><br>
<p>Riesenberg (c. 310 m), with its quarry; south of Langenfeld</p><br>
<p>Schrabstein (Schrabst; 300.2 m); between Rohdental and Langenfeld</p><br>
<p>Iberg (c. 300 m); between Auetal-Rannenberg and Hessisch Oldendorf-Langenfeld</p><br>
<p>Moosköpfe (c. 300 m); southeast of Langenfeld</p><br>
<p>Mittelberg (297.0 m); north of Hessisch-Oldendorf-Barksen</p><br>
<p>Mattenberg (288.6 m); west of Hamelspringe</p><br>
<p>Hasseln (286.5 m)</p><br>
<p>Osterberg (260.1 m); northeast of Hessisch Oldendorf-Bensen</p><br>
<p>Hünenburg (251.7 m); between Rohdental and Rannenberg</p><br>
<p>Westerberg (249.2 m); north of Hessisch Oldendorf-Bensen</p><br>
<p>Baumgartenberg (232.1 m); north of Hessisch Oldendorf-Segelhorst</p><br>
<p>Hülsebrink (227.2 m); north of Klein Süntel</p><br>
<p>Wendgeberg (or: Wenchenberg; c. 223 m), north-northeast of Hessisch Oldendorf-Zersen</p><br>
<h3>Valleys</h3><br>
<p>The valleys of the Süntel include the:</p><br>
<p>Bleeksgrund</p><br>
<p>Höllengrund</p><br>
<p>Langes Föhrtal</p><br>
<p>Schneegrund</p><br>
<p>Totental</p><br>
<p>Wellergrund</p><br>
<h2>Towns and villages</h2><br>
<p>The towns and villages of the Süntel include:</p><br>
<p>Auetal</p><br>
<p>Hülsede</p><br>
<p>Bad Münder am Deister</p><br>
<p>Hessisch Oldendorf</p><br>
<p>Hamelin</p><br>
<h2>Inns</h2><br>
<p>The forest restaurants in and around the Süntel include the:</p><br>
<p>Krackes Ruh, near Hülsede</p><br>
<p>Eulenflucht, between Hohe Egge and Hamelspringe (Bad Münder am Deister)</p><br>
<p>Bergschmiede, near Bad Münder am Deister</p><br>
<p>Süntelturm on the Hohe Egge, near Bad Münder am Deister</p><br>
<p>Pappmühle, near Zersen</p><br>
<p>Baxmann-Baude, near Zersen</p><br>
<p>Weinschänke, in Rohdental</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Helga Knoke: Wald and Besiedlung im Süntel. Schaumburger Studien Heft 22, Verlag C. Bösendahl Rinteln 1968</p><br>
<p>Friedrich Kölling: Die Süntelwaldgenossenschaft. Ein Beitrag zur Rechts- and Wirtschaftsgeschichte einer Schaumburger Markgenossenschaft; Fritz Holstein: Das Statut der Süntelwaldgenossenschaft Bensen. Die forstliche Bewirtschaftung des Süntelwaldes; Scheide: Die Jagd im Süntel. Schaumburger Heimathefte, Heft 10. Bösendahl, Rinteln (Weser) 1962</p><br>
<p>The Shengavit Settlement ) is an archaeological site in present-day Yerevan, Armenia located on a hill south-east of Lake Yerevan. It was inhabited during a series of settlement phases from approximately 3200 BC cal to 2500 BC cal in the Kura Araxes  Period of the Early Bronze Age and irregularly re-used in the Middle Bronze Age until 2200 BC cal. The town occupied an area of six hectares. It appears that Shengavit was a societal center for the areas surrounding the town due to its unusual size, evidence of surplus production of grains, and metallurgy, as well as its monumental 4 meter wide stone wall. Four smaller village sites of Moukhannat, Tepe, Khorumbulagh, and Tairov have been identified and were located outside the walls of Shengavit. Its pottery makes it a type site of the Kura-Araxes or Early Transcaucasian Period and the Shengavitian culture area.</p><br>
<h2>History of excavation</h2><br>
<p>The area of modern day Shengavit has been populated since at least 3200 BC, during the period of Kura–Araxes culture of the Early Bronze Age. Excavations at the Shengavit historical site started in 1938 under the guidance of archaeologist E. Bayburdian who dug a trial trench at the hill which in turn led to further archaeological work to be done at the site. Archaeologist S. A. Sardarian resumed the excavations in 1958 but his work was poorly documented. He left insufficient records to pinpoint exact locations where artifacts were found.</p><br>
<p>In 2000, extensive excavation process was launched under the guidance of archaeologist Hakop Simonyan, who dug stratigraphic trenches at the edges of the old trenches excavated by Bayburdian and Sardarian.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, Simonyan was joined by professor Mitchell S. Rothman from Widener University of Pennsylvania. Together they conducted three series of excavations in 2009, 2010, and 2012 respectively. During the process, a full stratigraphic column to bedrock was reached, showing there to be 8 or 9 distinct stratigraphic levels. These levels cover a time between 3200 BC and 2500 BC. Evidences of later use of the site (until 2200 BC) were also found. The excavation process revealed a series of large buildings, round buildings with square adjoining rooms and simple round buildings. Particularly notable are a series of ritual installations discovered in 2010 and 2012. These seasons revealed a series of large buildings, round buildings with square adjoining rooms and simple round buildings. Particularly notable are a series of ritual installations discovered in 2010 and 2012.</p><br>
<p>In July 2010, Simonyan announced that horse bones were found at the site. German paleo-zoologist Hans-Peter Uerpmann stated that many of these bones were from disturbed contexts, however, and the earliest clearly provenienced horse bones come from Simonyans Middle Bronze excavations at Nerkin Naver.</p><br>
<p>A popular press source unfortunately has been cited misstating information from a 2010 press conference in Yerevan. In that conference Rothman described the Uruk Expansion trading network, and the likelihood that raw materials and technologies from the South Caucasus had reached the Mesopotamian homeland, which somehow was misinterpreted to say that Armenian culture was a source of Mesopototamian culture, which is not true. The Kura Araxes (Shengavitian) cultures and societies are a unique mountain phenomenon, evolved parallel to but not the same as Mesopotamian cultures.</p><br>
<h2>Settlement plan</h2><br>
<p>Archaeologists so far have uncovered large cyclopean walls with towers that surrounded the settlement. Within these walls were circular and square multi-dwelling buildings constructed of stone and mud-brick. Inside some of the residential structures were ritual hearths and household pits, while large silos located nearby stored wheat and barley for the residents of the town. There was also an underground passage that led to the river from the town. Earlier excavations had uncovered burial mounds outside the settlement walls towards the south-east and south-west. More ancient graves still remain in the same vicinity.</p><br>
<h2>Portable finds</h2><br>
<p>Amongst the finds during archaeological excavations at Shengavit were chert and obsidian stone tools, mace heads, hoes, hammers, grinders, spindle whorls, spearheads, flakers, needles, pottery, and crucibles (which could hold 10 kg of smelted metal). Storage containers for smelted metal were found as well that held far greater amounts than the town should have required. Large quantities of debris from flint and obsidian knapping, pottery making, metallurgy, and weapons manufacture indicate that the town had organized guilds which performed such tasks. Pottery found at the town typically has a characteristic black burnished exterior and reddish interior with either incised or raised designs. This style defines the period, and is found across the mountainous Early Transcaucasian territories. One of the larger styles of pottery has been identified as a wine vat but residue tests will confirm this notion.</p><br>
<p>A large stone obelisk was discovered in one of the structures during earlier excavations. A similar obelisk was uncovered at the site of Mokhrablur four km south of Ejmiatsin. It is thought that this, and the numerous statuettes made of clay that have been found are part of a central ritualistic practice in Shengavit.</p><br>
<p>The Battle of Diamond Rock took place between 31 May and 2 June 1805 during the Napoleonic Wars. It was an attempt by Franco-Spanish force despatched under Captain Julien Cosmao to retake Diamond Rock, at the entrance to the bay leading to Fort-de-France, from the British forces that had occupied it over a year before.</p><br>
<p>The French in Martinique had been unable to oust the defenders from the strategically important rock, and the British garrison was able to control access to Fort-de-France Bay, firing on ships attempting to enter it with guns they had placed on the cliffs. The arrival of a large combined Franco-Spanish fleet in May changed the strategic situation. The French commander, Pierre de Villeneuve, had vague orders to attack British possessions in the Caribbean, but instead waited at Martinique for clearer instructions. He was finally persuaded to authorise an assault on the British position, and a Franco-Spanish flotilla was despatched to storm the rock. Already short of water, the defenders held on in the summit for several days, while the French, who had neglected to bring scaling ladders, could make little headway.</p><br>
<p>The British, short of both water and ammunition, eventually negotiated the surrender of the rock after several days under fire. As Diamond Rock was legally considered a Royal Navy vessel, and the commander was legally "captain" of it, after repatriation, he was tried by court martial (as the law dictated in any case where a captain loses his ship, regardless of the cause), but was honourably acquitted.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<h3>Diamond Rock is fortified</h3><br>
<p>Diamond Rock had been fortified in January 1804 on the orders of Commodore Samuel Hood. Hood had been active in the West Indies, protecting British convoys from French privateers issuing out of the two major naval bases the French retained in the Caribbean, at Guadeloupe and Martinique. The privateers had captured a number of valuable cargoes and were diverting British warships to protect the merchant fleets. Hood decided to blockade Martinique, and thus curtail the privateers and intercept supplies destined for the French garrison.</p><br>
<p>Hood reconnoitered Diamond Rock and considered it excellently defensible, with the only possible landing site being on the western side. He wrote that &#39;thirty riflemen will keep the hill against ten thousand ... it is a perfect naval post.&#39; Bats were driven out by burning bales of hay, and a space was cleared by blasting at the top of the rock in order to establish a battery. In February a number of guns were transferred over from Centaur, with two 24-pounders being installed in a cave near sea level, another 24-pounder halfway up the rock, and two 18-pounders in the battery at the top. In addition to this the men had use of a number of boats, with one armed with a 24-pounder carronade, which were used to intercept enemy ships.</p><br>
<p>Marshall&#39;s Naval Biography, when describing the process of hauling the guns to the summit, recorded that</p><br>
<h3>French reactions</h3><br>
<p>Despite the vulnerability of both Centaur and the Rock to a French gunboat attack while the process of fortification was being carried out, the French neglected to act. The governor of Martinique, Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse ordered work to begin on building a road to the coast opposite the rock, and the establishment of a battery there, but the British were forewarned by the black population of the island who were largely sympathetic to the British. A party was sent onshore, which succeeded in capturing the engineer sent to construct the battery, and three of his men. Work on the battery was abandoned after further British raids on the area.</p><br>
<h3>HM ''Fort Diamond''</h3><br>
<p>By early February the guns had been installed and tested. The 18-pounders were able to completely command the passage between the rock and the island, forcing ships to avoid the channel. The winds and currents meant that these ships were then unable to enter the bay.</p><br>
<h2>Life on the Rock</h2><br>
<p>Maurice had a party of around 100 men under his command on the rock, with the usual officers found on a British warship, including a surgeon, purser, and a junior lieutenant to command the small supply vessel. A hospital was established, and food, gunpowder and ammunition were brought to the rock in boats, at first from Centaur, and then from Martinique, where it was purchased from sympathetic inhabitants. Water also had to be brought from the island, and large cisterns were built to store it. The men on the rock also ran the risk of falling from the heights or being bitten by the fer-de-lance, a venomous snake inhabiting the rock.</p><br>
<h2>First French assault</h2><br>
<p>With the British presence on Diamond Rock firmly established, Hood departed with Centaur, and the French saw an opportunity to attack. Four boatloads of soldiers were despatched at night, though the sailors who rowed there were extremely pessimistic as to their chances. Exhausted by the time they arrived at the rock, the men were not able to resist the pull of the strong current and were swept out to sea. They were eventually able to make it back to Martinique, with the British only learning of the attempt several days later.</p><br>
<h2>Villeneuve arrives</h2><br>
<p>On 14 May 1805, seventeen months after the British occupied the island, a large French fleet arrived in Fort-de-France Bay, having briefly exchanged fire with the British on Diamond Rock as they did so. Shortly after this it was discovered that the main cistern, holding a month&#39;s supply of water, had cracked in some earth tremors, and the leak had been made worse by the vibration from the guns. There was barely two weeks left, but fresh supplies were now unobtainable as a blockade of the rock began by a number of schooners, brigs and frigates.</p><br>
<p>The combined fleet carried a large number of soldiers, intended by Napoleon to be used to attack British possessions in the Caribbean. Villeneuve felt however that his orders were not clear, and remained at Fort-de-France, hoping to be joined by a fleet under Honoré Ganteaume, which unbeknownst to him had been unable to break the blockade of Brest. For two weeks Villeneuve lingered in the bay, until finally being persuaded by Villaret de Joyeuse to use his forces to capture Diamond Rock, a thorn in his side for the past seventeen months.</p><br>
<h2>Battle</h2><br>
<p>The flotilla left their anchorage on 29 May, but were not able to work into a position to attack windward of the rock until 31 May. Cosmao began an intense bombardment while the infantry forced their way onto the landing stage, losing three gunboats and two rowing boats full of soldiers as they did so.</p><br>
<p>At four o&#39;clock that afternoon flag of truce was displayed and a senior French officer was despatched in a schooner to offer terms. By 5 Maurice had agreed to surrender Diamond Rock, the officers were to retain their swords and the men would remain under their orders.</p><br>
<h2>Aftermath</h2><br>
<p>Maurice was returned to Barbados by 6 June, and sent a letter dated that day to Horatio Nelson, who had recently arrived in the Caribbean in search of Villeneuve&#39;s fleet.</p><br>
<p>Naval procedure at the time was that all commanders who lost their ships automatically faced a court martial. Accordingly, Maurice was tried by a court martial convened aboard the 28-gun in Carlisle Bay on 24 June. Maurice was honourably acquitted for the loss, the verdict noting</p><br>
<p>Villeneuve had retaken the rock, but the day the attack began the frigate had arrived with orders from Napoleon.</p><br>
<p>The Union Street Historic District extends along a section of that street in Schenectady, New York, United States. Covering roughly two miles  of both sides of the street, it includes 184 buildings in its 65 acre.</p><br>
<p>Over the course of the 19th century, the city&#39;s development followed Union, one of the major through roads to the east, as it industrialized and expanded out of its colonial core on the banks of the Mohawk River. In 1982 the historic district was recognized and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district&#39;s western terminus is at the former New York Central Railroad tracks (now used by Amtrak and CSX) just north of the train station and southeast of the Stockade Historic District; from there it extends eastward to Phoenix Avenue, one block short of where NY 146 joins the street. It is defined as street addresses 306-1364 on the south side and 307-1355 on the north. Two small portions of Nott Terrace and Union Avenue are also included.</p><br>
<p>Union College, roughly one-third of the way between termini, had a tremendous influence on the district&#39;s development and bisects it both historically and by land use. On the west, closer to downtown Schenectady and the Stockade neighborhood, the oldest in the city, buildings are a mix of pre-1850 commercial, institutional and residential properties, mainly brick. East of the college the street becomes more uniformly residential, with frame the preferred material for houses built in Victorian styles from the later 19th and early 20th centuries. Only twelve of the buildings in the district are considered non-contributing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Schenectady, founded by 17th-century Dutch settlers as a trading outpost to deal with the Iroquois tribes to the west, remained a small riverside village not much larger than the present Stockade District for the years after the Revolution. Two events in the early 19th century began to change that. Union College, which had been operating out of a building at Union and South Ferry streets, moved to its present campus in 1814. Nine years later, the Erie Canal was completed, bringing more traffic past the city, added to by the railroads as they began to develop in the next decade.</p><br>
<p>The growth this spurred began to follow the toll road that is today Union Street, which at the time connected Schenectady with Watervliet and Troy to the east. At first it was related to the college, which owned the land on the north side of Union and subdivided it to homeowners. To allow visitors to view the colleges new campus, the first planned campus in the United States, college president Eliphalet Nott stipulated that houses built between Barrett Street and Seward Place be set back "the width of an average veranda" (about 20 ft) in order to allow views of the campus from the western approach. This is still in evidence today, and the area has some of the districts notable buildings, like the college president&#39;s residence (possibly built by Nott) at 709 Union.</p><br>
<p>In 1848, the Schenectady Locomotive Works was built on Jay Street. This triggered the construction of workers housing and buildings to service them, like Mercy Hospital (614 Union) and the German Methodist Church (404 Union), on the blocks closer to Erie Boulevard. The companys president, John Ellis, built his mansion at 802 Union, helping to establish the eastern blocks as a desirable residential area. After his death, his family sold some of the estate, and one of the parcels was bought to establish St. John the Evangelist Church, with its unique steel-and-glass spire. The mansion is now the church&#39;s rectory.</p><br>
<p>The last spur to the growth of Union Street was the rise of the citys other major native manufacturer, General Electric. Started when Thomas Edison moved his machine works to Schenectady in 1886, the company grew into the leading manufacturer of electric appliances by the 20th century. Many of its executives built houses along Union, where the company had electrified the streetcar line. By the 1920s this development had brought the citys eastern frontier to Phoenix Avenue, when the Depression stopped most new private construction. It resumed later in different styles and uses, but the current district remains relatively intact as it was at that point, with little infill.</p><br>
<p>It is one of four historic districts recognized by the city of Schenectady. It comes under the purview of its Historic Commission, a seven-member body that meets once a month. Under the city&#39;s zoning regulations, any change to a historic building in a district that is visible from a public right-of-way must be approved by the commission.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>None of the houses or other buildings in the district has been separately listed on the National Register, either before or since its creation. Some are significant within it.</p><br>
<p>President&#39;s House, 709 Union Street. A two-story Gothic Revival home built ca. 1860, possibly for Eliphalet Nott, that serves as the residence for the president of Union College.</p><br>
<p>General Francis Fisk House, 711 Union Street. A frame Greek Revival house built ca. 1840, this is one of the oldest houses in the district west of downtown.</p><br>
<p>St. John the Evangelist Church, 814 Union Street. Built in 1899, this church features a distinctive 230 ft steel-and-glass central spire, with a view towards the colleges Nott Memorial from the front. Former Ellis mansion nearby serves as the churchs rectory.</p><br>
<p>Willis Hanson Estate, 821 Union Street and 20½ Union Avenue. 1888 three-story Queen Anne estate and 1900 carriage house built for wealthy local businessman.</p><br>
<p>The Shepard Street–South Road Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Elizabeth City, Pasquotank County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 161 contributing buildings in a historically African-American section of Elizabeth City. The district developed from the mid-19th to mid-20th century, and includes representative examples of Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Bungalow, and American Foursquare style architecture. Notable contributing buildings include the Sawyer–Pailin–Overman House , Antioch Presbyterian Church ,  St. Catherine Catholic Church , Olive Branch Missionary Baptist Church , Corner Stone Missionary Baptist Church ,  St. Phillips Episcopal Church , the Sundry Shop , Rex Cleaning Works , Good Samaritan Hall , and Republican Star Odd Fellows Hall .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The YWCA, Phillis Wheatley Branch in St. Louis, Missouri is a building dating from 1927. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The branch was founded in 1911 and named for Phillis Wheatley, the first African-American poet. It was only the fifth YWCA for African-Americans.</p><br>
<p>The YWCA was a center of intellectual life in the Mill Creek Valley neighborhood. The Fisk Jubilee Singers performed at Wheatley in 1916, and W.E.B. Du Bois gave a lecture in 1922. Maya Angelou, Mary McLeod Bethune and Butterfly McQueen all visited or stayed in the YWCA&#39;s hotel rooms.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1927 for the St. Louis Womens Christian Association, also known as the Womens Christian Home, which was first organized in 1868. In 1941 they sold the building to the YWCA.</p><br>
<p>Kharosa is a village situated at about 45 km from Latur City in Latur district, Maharashtra, India.</p><br>
<p>The place is renowned for its caves, which were built around the 6th century. Other attractions include the beautiful sculptures of Narasimha, Shiv Parvati, Kartikeya and Ravana. There are about 12 caves, of which one has an image of seated Jain Tirthankar.There are about a couple of dozen carved panels depicting mythological stories.</p><br>
<p>Nearby villages are: Ramegaon, Kharosa, Shivani. The upper side of the hill you will find Renuka devi Temple and a Mosque side by side which shows the unity of Hindus and Muslims in the area. Everyone who come to visit the temple also visit the mosque. On the top side of the hill you will find source of water which is called as Seeta Nhani (Seeta&#39;s Bathroom) as they believe that Rama,Lakshmana and Seeta had once lived there. Villagers nearby are very co-operative and helpful.</p><br>
<p>Route:The nearest major railway station is the Latur Railway Station, on the Latur-Miraj rail route. It is about 45 km from Latur on Latur-Nilanga Road via Ausa-Lamjana. Car can go up to the caves on the left flank and up to Devi Temple on right flank of a small hillock. Regular buses which connect Kharosa with Latur and Nilanga/Udgir.</p><br>
<p>Villa Riviera is a registered historic building on Ocean Boulevard in the Alamitos Beach neighborhood of Long Beach, California, United States. From the time of its completion in 1929 through the mid-1950s, it was the second-tallest building, and the tallest private building, in Southern California. The 16-story Chateauesque building has been called the city&#39;s "most elegant landmark" and a building that "has helped define the city." The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 and is currently used as condominiums with approximately 134 units, including 2 Penthouse units occupying the 16th floor of the building, complete with gargoyles adorning both sides of the bay windows overlooking the city and ocean.</p><br>
<h2>Description and architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built from 1927 to 1929 at a cost of $2.75 million, the Villa Riviera is a 16-story French Gothic Building. The structure is topped with a steeply pitched verdigris copper roof. The building was designed by architect Richard King who won a grand prize at an international contest for the design that he referred to as "Tudor Gothic." The structure features fierce-looking gargoyles perched along the ridges of the higher floors. The building was also equipped with luxurious features, including a ballroom, Italianate roof garden, lounges, high-speed elevators, "vacuum-type heating," and a 100-car garage.</p><br>
<p>The Villa Riviera was originally built as a luxury residential cooperative. The 1928 promotional brochure for the building noted:</p><br>
<p>When the Villa Riviera was completed, the 447-foot high structure was the second tallest in the region—surpassed only by Los Angeles City Hall.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Shortly after the Villa Riviera opened, the Great Depression hit, and the demand for luxury cooperative apartments declined. Also, the first tenants reportedly "didn&#39;t see eye-to-eye and the building subsequently was sold and turned into an apartment-hotel."</p><br>
<p>In 1933, the high-rise Villa Riviera was shaken violently in the Long Beach earthquake but did not sustain structural damage. A newspaper account described the reaction of the Villa Riviera occupants to the earthquake as follows:"The Villa Riviera, a 16-story apartment hotel, where most of the high-ranking officers of the Navy reside, swayed violently but suffered no more than a few cracks and fallen plaster. Admiral Richard H. Leigh, commander-in-chief of the United States fleet, after rushing down the stairway with most of the other 400 occupants and out into the street, returned to his suite around midnight in disdain of the succeeding shocks, which continued through the night. George Kingreet, assistant manager of the Villa Riviera, painted a picture of the hurried exit of the naval notables when the first shock came. The elevator stopped and everybody rushed down the stairs and out into the street. The bellboy stuck right on the job and went through the rooms, clearing them of people."</p><br>
<p>In 1937, silent film star Norma Talmadge and her ex-husband Joseph Schenk, president of 20th Century Fox, bought the building for $1.5 million. The Los Angeles Times reported that "the deal was one of the largest realty transactions in Southern California in several years." Talmadge lived in the penthouse for a time.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, several USA Navy officers lived at the Villa Riviera. The turret-like tower atop the building was used by the Navy to spot enemy ships off the Southern California coast.</p><br>
<p>In the 1940s and early 1950s, the Villa Riviera was known as the "Home of Admirals" due to its being the home of many of the senior officers of the USA Navys Pacific Fleet. Within months, the new owner converted the building to its original use as a residential "own-your-own" cooperative building. Despite the conversion, the owners kept the hotels cocktail lounge, beauty salon, coffee shop, dining room and valet service for the convenience of the cooperative residents.</p><br>
<p>The first Miss Universe Pageant was held at the Villa Riviera in 1952. Marine Corps and Navy officers acted as escorts, one for each contestant.</p><br>
<p>A newspaper feature in 1965 reported that apartments at the Villa Riviera sold "for anywhere from $10,000 to $40,000 according to size." In 1969, Long Beach residents were surprised to learn that the City had condemned the Villa Riviera as a fire hazard. After the violations were corrected, the building emerged from the condemnation in 1971.</p><br>
<p>In 1991, the building was converted to condominiums.</p><br>
<p>In 2007 and 2008, the Homeowners Association conducted a $4 million facelift that included restoration of certain historical elements, including replacement of six of the original gargoyles that had been removed.</p><br>
<p>Camp Verde was a United States Army facility established on July 8, 1856 in Kerr County, Texas along the road from San Antonio to El Paso.</p><br>
<p>The camp was the headquarters for USA Camel Corps, which experimented with using dromedaries as pack animals in the southwestern United States. The Army imported camels in 1856 and 1857, using them with some success in extended surveys in the Southwest. The camels did not get along with the Army&#39;s horses and mules, which would bolt out of fear when they smelled a camel. The soldiers found the camels difficult to handle and they detested the smell of the animals.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War, on 28 February 1861 Confederate troops captured more than 80 camels and two foreign drivers at Camp Verde. A Texas Ranger company was assigned the camp in 1862 and J.W. Walker was in care of the camels, some of which were used to transport salt from San Antonio and Brownsville and San Elizario, while some transported cotton to Mexico. Three were let loose and found their way to Arkansas where Federal troops sent them to Iowa to be sold.</p><br>
<p>Some camels were kept in San Antonio, where Rip Ford considered using them in his recapture of Fort Brown due to the drought conditions between the Nueces and Rio Grande. They were sent to Guadalupe, where two died, before being sent back to Camp Verde.</p><br>
<p>When Union troops reoccupied Camp Verde in 1865, they found about 66 camels remaining, which they auctioned off to Bethel Coopwood. Bethel sold five to Ringling Brothers Circus and other circus owners in Mexico, but when he brought the remaining camels back into the US, the government took back their brand, but soon released them. The camels were sent to Arizona where they "gradually perished".</p><br>
<p>Camp Verde was abandoned on April 1, 1869. Ruins of the officers&#39; quarters are located on what is now private land. A Texas state historic marker and the entrance gate stand by the road. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 25, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Camel Military Corps</h2><br>
<p>Secretary of War Jefferson Davis chose Henry C. Wayne to direct the US Camel Military Corps and, upon advice from Edward Fitzgerald Beale, placed David Dixon Porter in command of the ship, Supply, tasked on 10 May 1855 "to proceed without delay to the Levant" for the "purchase and importation of camels and dromedaries to be employed for military purposes". Wayne and Porter made stops in Tunis, Malta, Smyrna, Salonika, Constantinople, Balaklava and Alexandria, Wayne noting "the one-humped camel had carried army burdens of 600 pounds apiece for an average of twenty-five miles a day. Those simply ridden by soldiers were capable of journeying seventy miles daily."</p><br>
<p>The camels arrived in the US at Indianola, Texas on 29 April 1856 with an "American officer" and his staff, "two Turks" and "three Arabs". The 34 drove of camels included a "Tunis Camel", "Bactrian Camels", a "Booghdee Camel" (or Tuilu, a cross of a Bactrian and dromedary), "Arabian" male and female camels, a "Sennar Dromedary", a "Muscat dromedary", "Siout" male and female dromedaries, and a "Mt. Sinai dromedary". They completed the move to Camp Verde by 27 August. The camp khan or camel corral had 150 feet long walls ten feet high, with huts along the rear wall for the native camel drivers.</p><br>
<p>Porter made a second journey to the Levant under Davis&#39; orders, returning to Texas with forty-one camels on 10 February 1857, plus nine additional men and one boy, including Hadji Ali and George Caralambo. This completed the mission of Wayne and Porter and responsibilities for the camels resided with the commander of Camp Verde, Captain Innis N. Palmer.</p><br>
<p>Davis&#39; replacement as Secretary of War, John B. Floyd chose Edward F. Beale to command the Camel Corps and survey a wagon road from Fort Defiance, New Mexico, to the Colorado River. Faulk departed Camp Verde on 19 June 1857 with twenty-five camels, leaving behind forty-six, taking the Lower road from San Antonio to El Paso and reaching the Fort Defiance area by 24 August and the Colorado river on 17 October. Beale noted the camels had gone for up to thirty-six hours without water, subsisted on bitter greasewood shrubs and were impossible to stampede. The camels continued on to Fort Tejon.</p><br>
<p>By 1858 Camp Verde had about fifty camels and Fort Tejon twenty-five. Yet, the new commander of the Department of Texas, Brevet Major General David E. Twiggs stated, "I do not want the camels in my command." He did however, in 1859, order Edwart L. Hartz to make a topographical survey of the Big Bend region with twenty-four camels. Afterwards, Hartz reported, "Not only the capability, but the superiority of the camel for military purposes in the badly-watered sections of country, seems to be established...the patience, endurance, and steadiness which characterize the performance of the camels during this march is beyond praise..."</p><br>
<p>Palms-Southern Pacific Railroad Depot is a historic railroad depot built between 1886 and 1888 in what is now the Palms section of Los Angeles, California, United States.</p><br>
<p>When the depot first opened, it was known as the “Grasshopper Stop” because at the time “grasshoppers were present in veritable clouds” in the area. The Southern Pacific later changed the station’s name to “The Palms”, and the surrounding community adopted the name.</p><br>
<p>From the 1920s to the 1940s, the motion picture business became the dominant business in the Palms-Culver City area, and movie stars, including Clark Gable, could be seen getting off the Red Cars on their way to work at the nearby studios.</p><br>
<p>In 1953, the Red Car line was shut down, and the depot was abandoned. As the surrounding area became a suburban residential community, the depot became “a symbol of another day and reflective of what has happened to Palms”.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1960s, the Culver-Palms Boy Scout Troop 49 undertook a beautification of the depot building and used it as a meeting place. The Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Board declared the building to be a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument in 1963; it was the 22nd structure to receive the historic monument designation. Despite the designation, the depot remained vacant, was victimized by vandals and graffiti, and fell into serious disrepair in the early 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The Los Angeles Fire Department ultimately condemned the structure, but preservationists sought to save it from demolition. In 1976, the Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Foundation raised funds to move the structure to Heritage Square Museum in Montecito Heights. The depot presently sits at the entrance to Heritage Square and houses the museum gift shop.</p><br>
<p>Aigburth Vale house at 212 Aigburth Road in Towson was designed in 1868, by architects Niernsee & Neilson, as a country home for wealthy actor John E. Owens.</p><br>
<p>Aigburth is a district of Liverpool, England.</p><br>
<p>Most of the property of the estate was originally known as the Rock Spring Farm of Edward Taylor and the parcel was reported to have been over 197 acre when it was purchased by Owens in 1853. The mansion is a wood-framed, three-story structure is an example of Second Empire architecture and as such, is topped by mansard roofs on the tower and wings. For a period after 1886, the mansion functioned as an inn and as a summer home for Owen&#39;s widow, Mary. In 1889 the majority of the land associated with the estate was sold at auction by the mortgage holder: the Sheppard Pratt Hospital to John Hubner, a Catonsville developer. Thereafter the mansion house and surrounding 4.9 acre was sold to Dr. George F. Sargent, as a private mental hospital from 1919 to 1950. Hubner sold the agricultural land to the Towson Nurseries who subdivided portions of it for sale to the Baltimore County Board of Education in 1943 and 1946 for use as the site for Towson High School and its surrounding campus. The mansion building was leased to Baltimore County Board of Education in 1950 for use as administrative offices and thereafter became the current owners of the building. The Owen estate was once surrounded by over 200 acre but today it stands within a suburban neighborhood. As designed, entry to the estate was gained from York Road along what is now Cedar Avenue. The gatehouse building of the estate, built in 1860 by Jacob Reese, still stands though the intersection of Cedar and York has been closed.</p><br>
<p>The building has been identified as an outstanding example of Second Empire architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 27, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Little Grey River, also known as the Māwheraiti is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand. It is a major tributary of the Grey River / Māwheranui which it joins at Ikamatua.</p><br>
<p>The Little Grey rises in low hills above the Inangahua valley, its source being only 1 km from the Inangahua River. It flows generally southwest, crossing the Maimai plain and the Ikamatua plain. Both State Highway 7 and the Stillwater–Ngakuwau Line railway travel down the lower half of the river valley, crossing the river twice. The river has two large tributaries, the Blackwater River and the Snowy River, both of which flow from the east. On the left bank for the lower 5 km there are extensive tailings mounds resulting from gold dredging operations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1946, both the highway and railway were temporarily closed while the dredge dug its way through to its new mining area in the Blackwater Valley.</p><br>
<p>This was the first and only time that such an event has occurred in New Zealand.</p><br>
<p>Longwood  is a house located at 10417 River Road in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana. Directly across the street is a levee holding back the Mississippi River.</p><br>
<h2>Style</h2><br>
<p>The house is two storied and built in the Greek Revival Style with four Doric columns supporting the two front porches. It was built in a non-traditional "T" floor pattern. A rear addition was added in the late 19th century, and the kitchen brought up after that. The indoor corridors, however, are a cruciform pattern. Except for the kitchen, the house was built all together in its entirety.</p><br>
<p>There are four chimneys that feed into 7 rooms They are on two floors at either end of the house and two in the middle.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>Longwood was added to Louisiana&#39;s National Register of Historic Places on July 17, 1983. It is one of four remaining plantation homes in the Baton Rouge area still in good condition.</p><br>
<p>Many of Baton Rouge&#39;s antebellum homes have been lost due to urbanization and to decay but Longwood remains one of four still left in its style. However, it is unique in that it is one of the few plantation homes in the region that did not add an additional "L" wing when modernizing. The result is the cruciform style mentioned previously.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Longwood, a former sugar cane plantation, used to occupy all the land from the Mississippi River to Highland Road. The original tract was a land grant from the King of Spain.</p><br>
<h2>Changes</h2><br>
<p>Since construction of the house several changes have been made. An outbuilding was moved to the house and converted into a kitchen. Several wooden paneled doors were replaced with glass ones. Bathroom and closets were added to several rooms with windows for the bathrooms.</p><br>
<p>The changes can be considered minor since they did not affect the house&#39;s architecture.</p><br>
<p>A shed and barn are located on the property and are thought to have been built in 1928.</p><br>
<p>The 18 acre property, with three contributing buildings, was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Spotted Lake is a saline endorheic alkali lake located northwest of Osoyoos in the eastern Similkameen Valley of British Columbia, Canada, accessed via Highway 3.</p><br>
<h2>Mineral and salt concentration</h2><br>
<p>Spotted Lake is richly concentrated with various minerals. It contains dense deposits of magnesium sulfate, calcium and sodium sulphates. It also contains high concentrations of eight other minerals and lower amounts of silver and titanium.</p><br>
<p>Most of the water in the lake evaporates over the summer, revealing colorful mineral deposits. Large “spots” on the lake appear and are colored according to the mineral composition and seasonal amount of precipitation. Magnesium sulfate, which crystallizes in the summer, is a major contributor to spot color. In the summer, remaining minerals in the lake harden to form natural “walkways” around and between the spots.</p><br>
<h2>Naming and history</h2><br>
<p>Originally known to the First Nations of the Okanagan Valley as Kliluk, Spotted Lake was for centuries and remains revered as a sacred site thought to provide therapeutic waters. During World War I, the minerals of Spotted Lake were used in manufacturing ammunition.</p><br>
<p>Later, the area came under the control of the Ernest Smith Family for a term of about 40 years. In 1979, Smith attempted to create interest in a spa at the lake. The First Nations responded with an effort to buy the lake, then in October 2001, struck a deal by purchasing 22 hectares of land for a total of $720,000, and contributed about 20% of the cost. The Indian Affairs Department paid the remainder.</p><br>
<h2>Spotted Lake today</h2><br>
<p>Today, there is a roadside sign telling visitors that the lake is a cultural and ecologically sensitive area, and a traditional medicine lake for the Okanagan Syilx people. The lake can be viewed from the fence that has been erected for protection from the liabilities of public access. Many travelers stop to view the site.</p><br>
<p>The Melezza, in Italy the Melezzo Orientale, is a 42 km Alpine torrent which runs through the eastern part of the Val Vigezzo, in the Province of Verbano Cusio Ossola, northern Italy; and through the Centovalli of Canton Ticino, Switzerland. Belonging to the Po basin, it is a tributary of the Maggia which in its turn flows into Lago Maggiore.</p><br>
<p>The springs are on the eastern slopes of Pioda di Crana. To begin with the river runs south forming the deep valley of Arvogno (a locality within the commune of Toceno); near Santa Maria Maggiore (VB) the course turns east and takes it through the gentler slopes of the high plain which forms the central section of the Val Vigezzo; at Malesco it is joined by the Loana.</p><br>
<p>Having passed through Re the valley narrows and the torrent begins to run through restricted gorges, entering in this manner Swiss territory, where it is known simply as the Melezza. Its course then runs through the Centovalli and the municipalities of Borgnone, Palagnedra and Intragna. Having been joined by its most important tributary, the Isorno, it flows into the Maggia at Losone, just before the Maggia enters Lago Maggiore.</p><br>
<p>A little after the Italian-Swiss border, near Palagnedra, a dam was built across the river in the years 1951–52 to create the Lago di Palagnedra, a reservoir which provides hydropower.</p><br>
<p>1 Bridge Street, Chester, is located at the junction of Bridge Street and Eastgate Street at Chester Cross in the centre of the city of Chester, Cheshire, England. Its architecture is that of the black-and-white revival, it incorporates part of the Chester Rows, and is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. Because of its prominent position and its black-and-white architecture, the historian Simon Ward has described it as an "iconic" building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by Thomas Lockwood, and built in 1888 for the 1st Duke of Westminster, although by 1889 it was owned by Chester City Council. The building is now occupied by shops. The citation in the National Heritage List describes the building as "the best liked of T. M. Lockwood&#39;s buildings in Chester, well executed in his most flamboyant style".</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is in four storeys, including an undercroft, whose floor is below street level, and an attic. It extends for one bay down Bridge Street and for one bay along Eastgate Street. At its corner is a flight of seven steps leading from the street to the row level above which is an octagonal turret. Above the steps is a canted, mullioned and transomed, oriel window. Over this are three pargetted panels under a four-light canted casement window. The roof is curved and surmounted by a weather vane.</p><br>
<p>On each side of the steps at street level are modern shop fronts. Above these, at the front of the Rows, are balustrades behind which are sloping stallboards, then the walkway and shop fronts. On Bridge Street at the third storey level are decorative panels and a three-light window. Above this is a gabled dormer with more panels and another three-light window. On Eastgate Street at the third storey is a six-light window with panels above and below. There is again a dormer with panels, one of which includes the arms of the Grosvenor family.</p><br>
<p>The David and Maggie Aegerter Barn is a gambrel-roofed barn in Linn County, in northwestern Oregon, that was built in 1915. It was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Linn County, at the center of the Willamette Valley, was a tremendously productive agricultural area. The area was settled by 1850, at which time there were already 160 farms. At one time the county produced and exported more wheat than any other area of its size. Barn designs evolved over the years.</p><br>
<p>The Aegerter Barn is unusual for having an overhang around all four sides of the structure, a feature perhaps relating to Aegerter&#39;s Swiss heritage. Aegerter or his forebears had emigrated from Bern Canton, in Switzerland, where overhangs in barns are common. Overhangs protect lower level doors from the elements. It is the only such barn in Linn County.</p><br>
<p>The barn was designed and/or built by Anton Schindler and Nick Lulay. It is privately owned.</p><br>
<p>A photo of the barn from the digital collection of the University of Oregon shows decorative medallions on the upper level of one side of the barn. It also shows shingle cladding, perhaps wood shingles, protecting the upper level on that side, while the protected lower level is not shingle-clad.</p><br>
<p>It is located not far from the Michael and Mary Ryan Barn, the only Pennsylvania Dutch barn in Linn County, which features overhangs on two sides. The Aegerter Barn, the Ryan Barn, and five others were nominated for NRHP listing as part of the MPS study.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 41915 Ridge Drive, approximately eight miles from the small city of Scio. An aerial photo shows the barn is located behind other buildings in the farm property.</p><br>
<p>The Panteón Nacional Román Baldorioty de Castro  is a tract of land in Barrio Segundo of the city of Ponce, Puerto Rico, originally designed as the citys cemetery, but later converted into what has come to be a famous burial place. Established in 1842, it is Puerto Ricos first  national pantheon. It is the only cemetery dedicated as a museum in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean. Prior to being dedicated as a Panteon Nacional, it was known as Cementerio Viejo or as Cementerio Antiguo de Ponce, and is listed under that name on the USA National Register of Historic Places. The Pantheon is named after Román Baldorioty de Castro, a prolific Puerto Rican politician, and firm believer of Puerto Rican autonomy and independence. His remains are located here. The Pantheon also houses a small museum about the history of autonomism in the Island, and it is currently used both as a park and a venue for the expression of culture and the arts. It is called the Museo del Autonomismo Puertorriqueño.</p><br>
<p>Prior to being turned into a National Pantheon in 1991, it was known as Ponce&#39;s Old Cemetery, to differentiate it from the newer (though now also over 100 years old) Cementerio Civil de Ponce (Ponce Civil Cemetery). Built in 1842, the cemetery was enlarged in 1864.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On February 13, 1838, the secretary of the Municipality of Ponce met with civic leaders of the "Villa of Ponce" to discuss plans for building a new cemetery. The existing cemetery was in deplorable and bad condition, and it posed a danger to public health. Because the "Villa of Ponce" did not have the money to build the cemetery, a voluntary proportional contribution was established in which all neighbors were to contribute. A commission was named composed of one member of the Municipal Council and four neighbors of influence to open up a voluntary subscription, name a depository and to proceed with the construction of the cemetery until its completion. The project was to be carried out in a lot adjacent to the existing cemetery extending one hundred square "varas" (a measure of length equal to 0.84m. approximately). Named by vote to form the commission were the "Sor Sindico" &#39;(secretary to the mayor of the "Villa") and the neighbor leaders Don Geronimo Ortiz, Don Tomas Souffront, Don Luis Font, and Don Mateo Maenamaxe. On February 26, 1838, the project was approved by the mayor of Ponce. However, it was not until 1842 that the project was started out with the contributions of the neighbors of the "Villa". In 1843, the cemetery was inaugurated under the auspices of the mayor of Ponce, Don Juan Rondon Martinez, also the first person to be buried there. In 1864 the cemetery was enlarged and repaired. The new work consisted of repairs and construction of the enclosing walls and pathways, construction of new niches and construction of a chapel and mortuary. In 1915 the cemetery was closed down.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and construction</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery consisted of well-designed small mausoleums that were lined up following a central pathway followed by lateral ones, starting from the entrance of the cemetery to a chapel located at the end. Most structures were designed and constructed following the neoclassical style that prevailed at that time. This style consisted of the use of columns and pilasters following the Doric, Ionic or Corinthian order, barrel vaults, Greek pediments, Roman arches and other details characteristic of said style. The thick walls and piers were built using brick, mortar, and "argamasa" (a mixture of crushed brick, sand, stone aggregate and lime). The enclosing walls were built of brick and mortar, and the part of the walls built in 1864 were built using stone and mortar. It was built in 1842 and enlarged in 1864.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Various illustrious Puerto Ricans of transcendental importance are buried here. The most important person buried in the cemetery is Don Román Baldorioty de Castro, distinguished patriot, journalist, educator, writer, orator, and abolitionist. In 1870, he was elected delegate to the Courts of Cadiz, where he opposed the slavery system of the time He was responsible for most of the liberty amendments. On March 23, 1873, the abolition of slavery was proclaimed by Baldorioty de Castro.</p><br>
<p>Also buried there are Don Juan Seix, founder of the Ponce Fire Department, and Don Juan Rondon Martinez, mayor of Ponce (founder of the cemetery and first person buried in it). Another prominent mayor buried there is Salvador de Vives, who founded Hacienda Buena Vista. Other people buried in the cemetery include Juan Morel Campos and Manuel G. Tavarez, distinguished composers and musicians, most famous for their danzas (folkloric music typical of Puerto Rico) compositions, and tenor of kings Antonio Paoli. It houses the remains of nationalist hero Casimiro Berenguer, and members of the prominent Seralles family, founders of the Destileria Serralles, and after whom the Castillo Serralles took its name. Ex-governor Roberto Sanchez Vilella&#39;s tomb is also buried there and the late mayor of Ponce, Rafael Cordero Santiago, has a mausoleum there.</p><br>
<h2>Physical appearance</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery plan is shaped as a rectangle measuring approximately 157.71 meters in length by 84.31 meters wide. It is attached to a rectangular-shaped lot at the north-east corner measuring about 32.80 meters in length by 25.03 meters wide, and a small rectangular lot where the mortuary used to be located, at the center of the south side of cemetery measuring about 14.13 meters wide by 8.97 meters in length.</p><br>
<p>A small mortuary structure building used to stand at the entrance of the cemetery. Following this structure, small mausoleums, crypts and niches were lined up on a central pathway that led to a small chapel located at the center of the cemetery. The cemetery was totally enclosed by very high walls that still remain. Most mausoleums and crypts were constructed following the neo-classical style trend that prevailed at the time. Thick walls and piers were used as the main structural system. These were constructed using brick/"argarnasa", stone and mortar.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was closed in 1915 and it deteriorated since then. By 1984, it became subjected to vandalism; crypts and mausoleums were plundered. On that year, it contained a variety of mausoleums, crypts and niches partially destroyed, and most of the cemetery was covered by heavy vegetation. The enclosing wall plaster had fallen down exposing the brick and stone to weather conditions.</p><br>
<p>Around 1990, the city of Ponce managed to salvage it. It repaired and reconstructed it, turning it into a National Pantheon. The cemetery was at that time called Cementerio Viejo (English: Old Cemetery), but it was renamed Panteón Nacional Román Baldorioty de Castro (English: Román Baldorioty de Castro National Pantheon). The city of Ponce also established a small museum about autonomism. The city has also commissioned the Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico School of Architecture to perform a study to determine the viability and cost for the total reconstruction of the Pantheon.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery is not active for the burial of just-deceased people as it does not have an order by the Puerto Rico Department of Health to operate in that way due to the propensity of the terrain for landslides. Instead, it is used to transfer remains after a period of five years has lapsed. As of April 2014, the most-recently transferred remains were those of Madeleine Velasco Alvarado in 2008, Rafael Cordero Santiago in 2004, and Simon Moret Gallart in 1998. In April 2014 the possibility of interment of the remains of Cheo Feliciano was being considered. Ponce Mayor Maria Melendez stated she would issue a municipal order to transfer Feliciano&#39;s remains to the Panteon, if possible after one year.</p><br>
<p>Portsbridge Creek  is a tidal waterway that runs between Portsea Island and the mainland from Langstone Harbour to Tipner Lake. Through its history it has been made navigable a number of times and it is today navigable for small boats.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The creek and in particular the creek&#39;s crossing has been the site of defensive works possibly as far back as the reign of Henry VIII of England.</p><br>
<p>During the English Civil War Royalist forces attempted to hold the parliamentarian forces at the creek during the early stages of the Siege of Portsmouth.</p><br>
<p>A fort at the site of the crossing of the creek turns up in plans from 1660 and 1666. The fort was rebuilt in 1688 under the direction of the Chief Royal Engineer Sir Martin Beckman.</p><br>
<p>It has been suggested that the presence of a customs officer in Cosham was to deal with attempts at landing contraband from Portsbridge Creek.</p><br>
<p>The waterway was made navigable by the Portsmouth & Arundel Navigation company in 1830 after the failure of the Portsea Canal. It proved difficult to keep the creek clear for navigation and a canal called the Cosham Canal to provide an alternative route was proposed, although it was never built. The canal company abandoned the creek in 1838. Later in the decade as part of upgrade works on the Hilsea Lines, the creek was widened and deepened to allow it to be used by gunboats.</p><br>
<p>In 1963 there was a suggestion that it be redeveloped as the Dunkirk Memorial Channel.</p><br>
<h2>Bridges over the creek</h2><br>
<p>Bridges have been built across the creek at various locations. The first record of a bridge across the creek date from the last decade of the 12th century. In the 15th-century double-arched stone bridge was built at the western end of the creek.</p><br>
<p>The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway built a wooden bridge across the creek in 1847. The swing bridge was supplanted by a drawbridge in 1909 which has been fixed in place since 1920.</p><br>
<p>A bridge was added at the eastern end of the creek in 1941. Another crossing (Peronne Road) built during World War II was a causeway with the creek being limited to a small pipe. This was replaced by a footbridge during the construction of the A27.</p><br>
<p>The Devil&#39;s Cave  is a dripstone cave located in the town of Pottenstein, Bavaria, Germany. The cave is 1,500 m long and is the longest in Germany and the largest in Franconian Switzerland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cave as it is today was discovered in 1922 but has been known to locals for many years. The cave is named for the disappearance of livestock in the vicinity of the cave being attributed to the Devil. Centuries later, after the cave had been fully explored, the missing livestock as well as numerous other animals including deer and cave bears were discovered to have fallen into the cave and died. One of these cave bear skeletons has been reconstructed and can be seen on the tour of the cave.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting</h2><br>
<p>The cave offers guided tours year round in both German and English although the opening hours vary by season. The cave tour takes about an hour to complete and the guides stop occasionally to explain the history of the particular chamber and to describe the rock formations. Some of these formations have been named by the guides such as the Turtle, Pipe Organ, and the Crucifixion. Any tour can become English language tours if visitors simply ask the tour guide on any tour to switch on loudspeakers with English explanations (no fee).</p><br>
<p>Nordic walking trails pass by both the entrance and exit of the cave and network into the surrounding area. These trails provide spectacular views of the Weiherbach Valley in which the cave lies as well as the numerous rock faults and stone formations that litter the area. Rainbow and brown trout can be seen and fed in the river at the entrance of the cave.</p><br>
<p>DNCR</p><br>
<h2>Cave Therapy</h2><br>
<p>There is an operational therapeutic station located inside the cave intended to assist in the treatment of lung ailments with speleotherapy.</p><br>
<p>North Bloomfield School is a historic school located at North Bloomfield in Livingston County, New York. It is a two-story, painted common brick structure set on a coursed-rubble foundation and stone watertable. It was originally planned and constructed by the First Universalist Society of Lima between 1827 and 1829. The building was to be a "meeting house" for services held by the newly formed church. From 1842 the building was rented for elementary-grade classes while continuing to be used for services at other times. In the mid-19th century, the second-floor stage and Italianate cupola were added. Joint use of the building continued until 1872, when the church built a separate building. The school closed in 1951, and the building has since been remodeled into two apartments.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>Old Main, Suomi College is an educational building located on Quincy Street on the Finlandia University campus in Hancock, Michigan. It is also known as the Suomi College Building. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1959 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the late 1800s, large numbers of Finns settled in Hancock, drawn by the jobs in mining and lumber. One of those immigrants was J. K. Nikander, a pastor of the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church of America (commonly known as the Suomi Synod). Nikander wanted to ensure that Finnish Lutheran ministers would be available in America, staving off the loss of Finnish identity in the population. In 1896, Nikander founded a new institution, Suomi College. Suomi&#39;s mission was to train Lutheran ministers and to teach English.</p><br>
<p>The first building of Suomi College was Old Main; it was constructed using plans drawn by architect Charles Archibald Pearce. The total cost of the building was $40,000. The cornerstone of the building was laid on May 30, 1898 and the building was dedicated on January 21, 1900.</p><br>
<p>Suomi quickly outgrew Old Main, and an additional frame building housing a gym, meeting hall and music center was constructed in 1901. In the 1920s, Suomi&#39;s mission shifted and it became primarily a liberal arts college. In 1958, the seminary separated from the rest of the college. In 2000, Suomi changed its name to Finlandia University.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Old Main is a three-story Richardsonian Romanesque building constructed from rough Jacobsville sandstone, which was quarried at the Portage Entry of the Keweenaw waterway. It has a gabled roof with wall dormers.</p><br>
<p>The William C. Mooney House, also known as the Mooney Mansion, is located at 122 North Paul Street in Woodsfield, Ohio. The house was placed on the National Register on 1982/03/15.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original house located on the property was a Queen Anne style residence, built with elements such as a corner tower. Such was the house when it became the home of William C. Mooney, a scion of Woodsfields most prominent commercial family and vice-president of the Monroe Bank downtown. Beginning in 1912, Mooney arranged for a comprehensive remodelling project: gone were the ornaments, the tower, and the other Queen Anne components. In their place were built the current houses prominent facade with an Ionic-style portico, symmetrical five-bay front, and two-story-tall veranda. Mooney had a ballroom built on the third floor; here he threw Christmas parties and other events for many of the village&#39;s residents.</p><br>
<h2>Appearance</h2><br>
<p>The -story wooden-frame house rises from its lot with the main entrance facing north. The entrance is reached by a small flight of stairs and is flanked by four colossal Ionic columns and a 2-story veranda. The front door is surrounded by transom windows on either side and a large fan light with wooden spokes. The door sits in between two windows on either side; each window is a 12/1 sash with dark black shutters.</p><br>
<p>Above the main door is a double French door with transom windows which opens onto the second floor of the veranda. The door is flanked by two windows that match the lower windows. A hipped roof tops the main block of the house and is pierced by three dormer windows. Two large brick chimneys sit to either side of the main part of the house.</p><br>
<p>A wraparound porch stretches off to either side of the house. A porte-cochere sits to the east of the house. Simple Doric columns line the porch and porte-cochere and add a classic touch to the home. A gabled projection juts from the center of the house on the east and west exposures.</p><br>
<p>Monee Reservoir, located at 27341 Ridgeland Avenue, Monee, Illinois, is part of the Forest Preserve District of Will County."</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The 255-acre forest preserve contains a 46-acre (190,000 m2) reservoir lake. The terrain within the preserve is mostly flat, but contains a variety of ecosystems. It is mostly forest around the lake, but has scattered prairies. There are also many small marshes within the park, attracting many wetland species. The lake itself is shaped in an irregular way with many coves spurring out from it. It has a depth of 24 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>The preserve is open to the public daily. The lake provides boating and fishing opportunities. The reservoir is stocked with a variety of fish including Largemouth Bass, Channel Catfish, and Northern Pike. The preserve also features hiking trails, rentable picnic areas, and a concessions building which sells bait, Illinois fishing licenses, and snacks. Boats, fishing poles, and games can also be rented from the concessions building.</p><br>
<p>Cooper Arms Apartments is a registered historic building located on Ocean Boulevard in downtown Long Beach, California. The twelve-story Renaissance Revival apartment tower was built in 1923. It was one of the first structures to be designated a Long Beach Historical Landmark when the city launched its historic preservation program in 1980, and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. It is currently operated as condominiums.</p><br>
<h2>Description and architecture</h2><br>
<p>Cooper Arms is a twelve-story steel-reinforced concrete building with exterior walls of brick finished with stucco. Located on Ocean Boulevard (at the corner of Linden Avenue) in downtown Long Beach, the structure was designed by Los Angeles architects Curlett & Beelman.</p><br>
<p>Cooper Arms was originally developed as a housing cooperative with 159 apartments (and 406 rooms) which were offered for sale on "the own-your-own apartment plan." With a construction budget of $1,350,000, the Cooper Arms was the most expensive development in Long Beach history to that time. The construction was handled by Scofield Engineering and Construction Company, the same company that built the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles. Demand for the new apartments was brisk, and in the six months before construction began, more than $1,250,000 in apartments had already been sold.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s 12th floor solarium and ballroom, occupying a major portion of the top floor, were among its most notable features. The ballroom included a domed ceiling and ornate moldings and lanterns. Another popular feature was the ground-level garden along Ocean Boulevard which opened onto a Spanish loggia extending through the structure to Linden Avenue.</p><br>
<p>A promotional brochure published in 1922 noted that the Cooper Arms would have the latest amenities, including steam heating, high-speed elevators, "instantaneous hot water at all times," "Iceless Frigidors," "Disappearing beds," and "Dustless roller screens."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Cooper Arms property was developed by Larkin Cooper. It was built on a portion of Ocean Boulevard that had previously been "given over to fine homes." There were originally eight houses on the site, all owned by Cooper. Cooper came to Long Beach from Emporia, Kansas, where he had been in the feed and grain business.</p><br>
<p>In April 1922, the Long Beach Daily Telegram announced the plan to build a luxury apartment building on the site. The planned development was billed as follows: "Long Beach to Have Finest Apartments in Whole Southland."</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed from 1923-1924 when Long Beach was undergoing a building and population boom. When construction started in March 1923, the Los Angeles Times published a drawing of the Cooper Arms and described it as "an apartment-house which when completed, will be one of the most imposing structures of its kind west of Chicago." At the time, Long Beach&#39;s skyline lacked other skyscrapers, and the Times predicted that "this magnificent building will become a landmark that may be seen from ocean vessels miles away."</p><br>
<p>In 1933, the Cooper Arms survived the Long Beach earthquake without major damage. One long-time resident recalled standing on the roof of the building when the earthquake struck:</p><br>
<p>I was tinkering with an old radio when the earthquake hit. It knocked me flat on my face. I watched the old Edgewater Building topple down. This building is built out of steel and concrete. It just swayed from east to west — but it held together. We heard there was going to be a tidal wave after the earthquake, so I gathered my camping gear and fishing pole, got into my Franklin automobile and drove to Lake Henshaw to do a little fishing until the excitement died down.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, the building celebrated its 50th anniversary with three of the original occupants still in residence. At the time, the Long Beach Independent Press-Telegram wrote that some of the excitement and luster had faded: "Party days at the Cooper Arms, along with the festive zest which once was the order of the day, have waned with the passage of years. The downtown lounge, with its plush oriental carpeting and ornate baroque ceilings, is now quiet and empty."</p><br>
<p>The building is currently operated as condominiums by the Cooper Arms Homeowners Association.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>In 1980, the Long Beach Cultural Heritage Committee designated Cooper Arms a Long Beach Historic Landmark. It was among the first group of seven structures to receive the designation. The other structures included in the first group were Villa Riviera, First Congregational Church, Rancho Los Cerritos, Rancho Los Alamitos, Jergins Trust Building and the Pacific Coast Club.</p><br>
<p>Cooper Arms was also listed on the National Register of Historic Places in October 2000.</p><br>
<p>The First United Methodist Church is located at 136 Main Street in Woodsfield, Ohio. The property was placed on the National Register on 2006-08-09.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Methodists recorded in Monroe County were reported in the early 19th century. The congregation met in an upstairs courtroom in a log courthouse that stood where the present brick courthouse is today. Needing more room, the Methodist Episcopal Church purchased a lot on Sycamore Street and constructed a simple wooden structure in 1825. This church was the first built in Woodsfield. The wooden structure was an 18 foot high, one story building with a central door framed by a window on either side, with three windows on the side facade. To the left of the church the congregation buried their dead in what is now called Pioneer Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The congregation again grew to the point that the structure was no longer suitable. The church then purchased a lot on Main Street and constructed a red brick structure in 1834. The old church was sold to the Presbyterians in 1836 but did not survive to today. The church was again experiencing growing pains and built a second larger church on the same lot and was dedicated in 1860.</p><br>
<p>For a fourth time the church was again in need of a larger structure and the church contracted Hubbar, Helbling & Co. to build a new larger structure using the material from the old church. This church exceeded $8,000 to build and was completed in 1899.</p><br>
<p>Over time the church expanded and an addition was added in 1907, and included the church offices and school-rooms. The church changed names in 1968 from the Methodist Episcopal Church to the First United Methodist Church after joining with the United Brethren churches.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The exterior features a mixture of the Richardsonian Romanesque style and the Late Gothic Revival architecture and consists of reddish brown brick on a sandstone foundation. The belltower features crenellated battlements and was added in 1907. The facade contains arched windows; the stained glass windows were purchased by the Busy Bee Sunday School class and were brought into town on the O.R.&W. Railroad. The windows contain the names of the girls of the Sunday school class. The pitched gable roof is lined with slate tiles.</p><br>
<p>The Lieblein House is a single-family house located at 525 Quincy Street in Hancock, Michigan. It has been converted to an office building and is also known as the Hoover Center. The structure was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Lieblein House was built in 1895 by William Washburn, who owned a local Hancock clothing store. In about 1905, Washburn sold the house to Edward Lieblein, a wholesale grocer who owned stores in Hancock and Calumet. The house remained in the Lieblein family until 1979, when Edward Lieblein Jr. sold it to Suomi College (now Finlandia University). The college renamed it the "Vaino & Judith Hoover Center" after the patrons Vaino and Judith Hoover who funded the purchase. As of 2009, the building houses the offices of the President, Institutional Advancement, Alumni Relations, and Communications.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Lieblein House is a rectangular, two-and-a-half-story Queen Anne style house, sitting on a sandstone foundation and covered with rectangular and fishscale shingles. It has an enclosed wrap-around porch with Doric columns and narrow one-over-one windows. The narrow windows are also usedin a three-story polygonal turret topped with a galvanized metal roof and spire. The porch and turret gives the facade both horizontal and vertical lines. A bay window and multiple multi-paned and double-hung windows light the interior. The roof is gabled on three sides, with leaded glass Palladian windows in the side gables.</p><br>
<p>Williamsburg Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at Hampton Corners in Livingston County, New York. It was established in 1792 and is one of the earliest European American settlement period cemeteries in Western New York and is the last surviving above ground remnant of the now vanished village of Williamsburg. Williamsburg was established by Captain Charles Williamson acting in his capacity as agent for British investors in The Pulteney Association in the late 18th century. Notable burials include USA Representative Charles H. Carroll  and William Fitzhugh, an early investor in what is now Livingston County, and business partner of Colonel Nathaniel Rochester, founder of that city. It is also the final resting place of Henry Fitzhugh  and James G. Birney , son in law of William Fitzhugh and candidate for President of the United States by the Liberty Party in the 1840 and 1844 presidential elections on an abolitionist platform. Stones bear dates that range from about 1814 to about 1910 and it is an important reminder of the early settlement of the Genesee Valley.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Lake Mojave is an ancient former lake fed by the Mojave River that, through the Holocene, occupied the Silver Lake and Soda Lake basins in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California. Its outlet may have ultimately emptied into the Colorado River north of Blythe.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Lake Mojave existed in San Bernardino County. The city of Las Vegas lies 90 mi northeast of Lake Mojave.</p><br>
<p>On the western side, Lake Mojave was bordered by mountains that steeply rise from the basin. The eastern side is more gentle, featuring alluvial fans and pediment.</p><br>
<h3>The lake</h3><br>
<p>At its maximum stand, Lake Mojave had a surface area of 300 km&sup2; and a volume of 7 km3. Lake Mojave had two separate lake level stands, the A stand and the B stand. The A stand lies at an altitude of 287 m above sea level and the B stand at an altitude of 285.4 m. The lake was about 10 m deep.</p><br>
<p>15 alluvial fans abut the shores of Lake Mojave that face the Soda Mountains. A present-day 25 mi bay exists on the northwestern side of the Silver Lake basin and includes wavecut terraces and a beach ridge.</p><br>
<p>Silver Lake and Soda Lake exist today where Lake Mojave formerly existed. Soda Lake slopes to the north and lies at a higher altitude than Silver Lake, thus water tends to fill Silver Lake first. Beach ridges and shorelines testify to the existence of a past lake in the Silver Lake basin. One major beach ridge complex is named the El Capitan Beach Ridge complex and contains gravel and sand.</p><br>
<p>Sediments from Lake Mojave and its two successor basins may be part of the sources of sand for the Kelso Dunes. Dating of dune deposition suggests that the deposition events often correspond to times where water levels in Lake Mojave were less stable.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<h3>Inflow</h3><br>
<p>The Mojave River is the principal river reaching the Lake Mojave basin.</p><br>
<p>Most water of the Mojave River ultimately comes from the San Bernardino Mountains, 125 mi southwest. Precipitation increased in response to southward shifts of the polar jet stream; this and floods probably contributed to the formation of Lake Mojave.</p><br>
<p>The Mojave River flows into the Mojave Desert since about 2-1.5 million years ago, when its previous southward course was blocked by the uplift of the Transverse Ranges. The Mojave River did not always end in Lake Mojave; at other points of its history it reached Lake Harper, Lake Manix, the Cronese Lakes and Lake Manly. Lake Mojave was reached about 20,000 years before present by water overflowing from Lake Manix. Compared to today, water flow would have to be at least ten times higher to allow for the formation of Lake Mojave.</p><br>
<h3>Outflow</h3><br>
<p>A bedrocklined channel extends from a bay on the northern side of Silver Lake and forms the outlet of Lake Mojave. It is at times less than 10 ft wide. The channel terminates into Dry Lake playa, 3 mi away. This spillway stabilized the levels of Lake Mojave during the late Pleistocene.</p><br>
<p>It was once thought that overflow from Lake Mojave was nourishing a freshwater Lake Dumont, but later ostracod research indicated that that area was groundwater-supported wetland. Water from Lake Mojave eventually reached the Amargosa River and Death Valley.</p><br>
<p>In 1916-1917 the outlet channel was deepened in order to lower water levels. Before that, the floor of the channel had an elevation of 940,7 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Present day climate in the area is hot and dry.</p><br>
<p>On average, summer temperatures exceed 30 &deg;C.</p><br>
<p>Average precipitation is about 78 mm/year. Most of it falls during winter and early spring, with about one quarter coming during summer from the Gulf of California and Gulf of Mexico. This low precipitation contrasts to a high evaporation rate of 2,000 -.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>A number of shells of Anadonta californiensis have been found at Lake Mojave. Phacotus freswhater algae developed in early Holocene lake stages. Ostracods of Lake Mojave include Limnocythere bradburyi and Limnocythere ceriotuberosa.</p><br>
<p>Lake Mojave was surrounded by a mix of pinyon-juniper and Joshua tree woodlands down to altitudes of 330 m and desert vegetation.</p><br>
<p>Present-day vegetation in the area includes creosote bush, saltbush and Opuntia. There is more vegetation in washes and on river terraces.</p><br>
<h2>Chronology</h2><br>
<p>Lake Mojave existed between 22,000 and 9,000 years before present.</p><br>
<p>Based on the Wells chronology, the lake filled before 27,000 years before present and from then on fluctuated below the A-shoreline. The lake was stable at the A-shoreline 21,900 - 19,750 and 16,850 - 13,850 years before present. The early phase is also known as Lake Mojave I, while later phases are also known as Lake Mojave II. Alternative age ranges are 20,900 - 19,600 for Lake Mojave I and 16,500 - 13,400 for Lake Mojave II. Water draining from Lake Manix after the formation of Afton Canyon may have aided in the development of Lake Mojave, although much of the water would have continued into Death Valley due to the insufficient volume of the Lake Mojave basin.</p><br>
<p>Between 13,600 and 11,500 years before present, the formation of a spillway caused Lake Mojave to abandon its A-shoreline and drop to the B-shoreline. Lake Mojave stabilized at the B-shoreline until 8,700 years before present. Other estimates assume a drying about 9,700 years before present.</p><br>
<p>The disappearance of Lake Mojave was caused by climatic changes at the start of the Holocene. Wind erosion affected the beach and delta deposits left by Lake Mojave, forming aeolian sediments.</p><br>
<p>Presently, only rarely do lakes form in the basin of Lake Mojave. Individual occurrences occurred in 1916-1917, 1938-1939 and 1969; this latter lake stage was photographed and it submerged the Tonopah and Tidewater railroad. Other infillings occurred 3,910 ± 152 and 470 ± 160 years ago. Such resurgences of the lake depend on anomalously high precipitation on the San Bernardino Mountains, and are climatically linked to the Little Ice Age and other glacial expansion episodes. The existence of such lakes was not only limited by climate factors but also by a generally shallow lake basin that caused a strong increase in evaporation with only slight increases in water levels.</p><br>
<h2>Archeology</h2><br>
<p>A steady food and freshwater supply as well as the presence of rocks that could be used to manufacture tools drew early humans towards Lake Mojave. As lake levels dropped, people migrated progressively farther down to reach the lake.</p><br>
<p>Some presumably archeological sites have been found at Lake Mojave, including alignments of basalt boulders. Bifaces and projectiles have been found on its shores, the latter are dated about 10,000 - 8,000 years before present, these archeological findings are known as the "Lake Mojave" complex.</p><br>
<p>The so-called "Lake Mojave complex" is a cultural system that was active between 9,000 and 6,000 BC. Possibly, such cultures were derived from the Clovis culture and formed when big mammals disappeared and early humans had to search for different sources of food.</p><br>
<p>Bembridge House, also known as Green-Rankin-Bembridge House, is a registered historic building located across from Drake Park in Long Beach, California, United States. The ornate and well-preserved Queen Anne Victorian house was built in 1906. Musician and school teacher Dorothy Bembridge lived in the house from 1918 until she was murdered there in 1999. The house was acquired by Long Beach Heritage in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Bembridge House, located at 953 Park Circle Drive, Long Beach, California, is a Queen Anne Victorian house that was built in 1906. It has 18 rooms, and has been preserved with its original high ceilings, woodwork, and many of the original furnishings. In 1981, the Los Angeles Times described the house as follows: "It is the city&#39;s only perfectly preserved Queen Anne mansion, an intricate arrangement of turrets, pillars, angles, beveled Tiffany glass windows, and white-on-blue scrollwork reminiscent of Wedgwood." Long Beach Heritage calls Bembridge House "the single most important example of this style of architecture remaining in Long Beach today", and notes that it is considered by many to be "the most significant residential historic landmark structure" in Long Beach.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1906 by Stephen and Josephine Green. He was one of the founders of City National Bank, a wealthy businessman who came to Long Beach from Seattle and Los Angeles. Green planted exotic shrubs and flowers around the house and also built an aviary for his collection of foreign birds and a barn where he kept Shetland ponies.</p><br>
<p>Green was reportedly an unpopular man who had legal disputes with his neighbors. He reportedly suffered "a stroke of apoplexy" and died at the house after an encounter with a neighbor. His funeral was held at the house.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Rankin purchased the house in 1918 following Green&#39;s death. The house remained in the Rankin family for more than 80 years. After the death of Thomas Rankin, the house was inherited by his children, Dorothy Bembridge and Neil Rankin.</p><br>
<p>Dorothy Bembridge was a musician and a Long Beach school teacher until her retirement in 1968. Bembridge lived in the house starting in 1918 and noted that the interior was never renovated. She believed the curtains and soft floors created "a perfect acoustical environment" for frequent piano concerts held at the home.</p><br>
<p>In 1969, the house was threatened with demolition when the City of Long Beach sought to expand the adjacent Drake Park. At the time, historical preservationists lobbied to save the structure. Bembridge sought to have it preserved as a music center. In comments to a local newspaper, she said:"I pray it can be saved. Its a wonderful old house — as solid as the Rock of Gibraltar. Theres not a break in the foundation; not a crack in the walls. It&#39;s absolutely the only one of its kind in town that has not been altered. It would have special charm as a music center. The tower serves as a natural megaphone, making the acoustics remarkable. Many say they have never heard anything like the sounds that ring out from the Steinway in this old house."</p><br>
<p>In 1981, the Long Beach Cultural Heritage Committee designated Bembridge House as a Long Beach Historic Landmark. It was among the second group of structures to receive the designation. At the time of the designation, Bembridge told the Los Angeles Times that she was "content at last that the home she&#39;s lived in since 1918 will be preserved in all its magnificence."</p><br>
<p>In 1999, Bembridge was strangled at the house at age 89. Her body was discovered in the backyard. Daniel William Borunda, a 51-year-old man who had done odd jobs for Bembridge and had spent time in prison for burglarizing her home in 1990, was convicted of Bembridge&#39;s murder and sentenced to 60-years-to-life in prison. Borunda was released from prison in October 1999, a few weeks before the murder. Police asserted that the motive was burglary and revenge.</p><br>
<p>After Bembridge&#39;s death, Long Beach Heritage purchased the house in 2000 for $325,000. The group has restored the house to its original state and it is open for tours.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, Long Beach Heritage received a $72,000 grant from the J. Paul Getty Trust to develop a master plan to preserve the main house, carriage house and aviary, and to restore landscaping and for seismic strengthening and improved access for the disabled.</p><br>
<p>Bembridge House, located at 953 Park Circle Drive, Long Beach, California, was also listed on the National Register of Historic Places in February 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Pavana River is a notable river crossing the cities of Pimpri-Chinchwad and Pune in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The river originates south of Lonavala from the Western Ghats, and flows a total of nearly 60 km to meet the Mula river in Pune.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Pavana River originates from the Western Ghats, about 6 km south of Lonavala. Flowing eastwards initially, it becomes southbound and passes through the suburbs of Dehu, Chinchwad, Pimpri and Dapodi before its confluence with the Mula river near Sangvi.</p><br>
<p>An earthfill gravity dam forms the Pavana reservoir. The dam, constructed in 1972, is 1,329 m long and 42.37 m high, with a gross storage capacity of 0.24 km3.</p><br>
<h2>Environmental Degradation</h2><br>
<p>The river is reported to be severely polluted, causing the civic activists to blame the governing body for not taking appropriate steps to limit the degradation. Accumulation of silt and discharge of untreated industrial waste are the major factors of pollution of the river, and has made the river water unusable.</p><br>
<p>The Indrayani river originates in Kurvande village near Lonavla, a hill station in the Sahyadri mountains of Maharashtra. Fed by rain, it flows east from there to meet the Bhima river, through the Hindu pilgrimage centers of Dehu and Alandi. It follows a course mostly north of the city of Pune It is revered as a holy river and is associated with such great religious figures such as Sant Tukaram and Dnyaneshwar.</p><br>
<p>There is a hydroelectric dam called Valvan Dam on the Indrayani at Kamshet.</p><br>
<h2>Save Indrayani Action Committee (SAC)</h2><br>
<p>The Save Indrayani Action Committee (SAC), comprising environment groups and Varkaris, has decided to conduct a detailed study on the causes of pollution of the Indrayani river and support the local civic bodies take preventive measures with the help of the state government.They have a blog at ibks.blogspot and also formed groups on various community sites.</p><br>
<p>The action committee formed groups to study the river from its origin near Lonavla, to right up to where it joins the Bhima river.</p><br>
<p>The study groups of the action committee consist of experts who will document the reasons of pollution by clicking pictures, preparing short films and by collecting water samples. The study is expected to be completed by March next year. The report and the demands would then be submitted to the state government as also to government bodies, like the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board and the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation.</p><br>
<p>Since local civic bodies such as the Lonavla Municipal Council, the Vadgaon Gram Panchayat, the Talegaon Dabhade Municipal Council and the Dehu Gram Panchayat do not have necessary facilities to treat domestic effluents which get released in the river directly., the action committee would assist the civic bodies in setting up these essential facilities with the help of the state government. Another study group would be examining geographical details of the river, its original width and the changes that have happened over time.</p><br>
<p>The Crown Point Road, or the Crown Point Military Road, is a historic road built in 1759-60, mostly in what is now the United States state of Vermont. It was built by British Army and colonial militia forces to connect Fort Crown Point near the southern end of Lake Champlain to the Fort at Number 4 in what is now Charlestown, New Hampshire. It was the first major road in Vermont, spurring development along its route after the French and Indian War. Fragments of the road are still visible in largely period condition, or have been paved over, while others have disappeared into the forest. Sections of the road located in Weathersfield have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Route</h2><br>
<p>The Crown Point Road began at the Fort at Number 4, roughly where the center of Charlestown, New Hampshire is located, on the east side of the Connecticut River. It followed a generally northward route, reaching its river crossing point near the mouth of Beaver Brook. On the Vermont side of the river, it proceeded north-northwest through what are now Springfield and Weathersfield before bearing west across Cavendish. Roughly at the center of Cavendish, it again turned more north, turning west again between Plymouth and Ludlow toward Shrewsbury. It reached Otter Creek in Clarendon, and then followed that valley northward, through Rutland, Proctor, and Pittsford, before bearing northwest across the hills south of Brandon.</p><br>
<p>Near the junction of Vermont Routes 30 and 73 in northern Sudbury, a spur of the road headed west toward Fort Ticonderoga (passing through present-day Orwell), while the main road continued northwest through Whiting, Shoreham, and Bridport before finally reaching Lake Champlain opposite Fort Crown Point in present-day Addison.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1759, British forces under the command of General Jeffery Amherst captured Fort Ticonderoga from the French in the later stages of the French and Indian War. Determined to maintain British control over the southern end of Lake Champlain, Amherst ordered the construction of Fort Crown Point, and the construction of the road joining it to the Fort at Number 4, then the northernmost British colonial outpost on the Connecticut River. The route roughly followed an old Native American trail, parallelling the Black River in its southern extent and Otter Creek in its northern. Early work on the road was performed by colonial militia forces commanded by Colonel John Stark. Work included the clearing of trees and stumps, construction of bridges across small streams, and the construction of corduroy sections across swampy terrain.</p><br>
<p>After the war, the road became a major route by which central southern Vermont was settled. As more and better roads were built through the region, portions fell into disuse and were abandoned, while others continued to be used and were improved. In the late 19th century, efforts were made to mark and commemorate the route, resulting in the placement of markers, some of which are still present along or near its route. In some communities, portions of the original route are named "Crown Point Road" or "Old Crown Point Road". A portion of the route, some of it still in little-altered condition, is found in the area of Stoughton Pond in northern Springfield. This and other nearby portions in Springfield and Weathersfield were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Tyson McCarter Place was a homestead located in the Great Smoky Mountains of Sevier County, in the USA state of Tennessee. Before the establishment of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the 1930s, the homestead belonged to mountain farmer Jacob Tyson McCarter , a descendant of some of the areas earliest European settlers. While McCarters house is no longer standing, several outbuildings&mdash; including a barn, springhouse, corn crib, and smokehouse&mdash; have survived, and have been placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Tyson McCarter Place&mdash; like the Noah Ogle Place a few miles to the west&mdash; was once characteristic of the hundreds of small farms that once dotted the isolated coves and valleys of the northern Smokies. McCarter&#39;s house and outbuildings were arranged in an unusual circular formation around an open barnyard, probably to allow the livestock maximum protection from wild animals. Another unique feature of the McCarter outbuildings is the adjoined barn and corn crib (these are usually two separate structures).</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Tyson McCarter Place is situated along Webb Creek, which flows northward from its source high up on the slopes of Greenbrier Pinnacle and empties into the Middle Fork of the Little Pigeon River at Pittman Center. The 15.8 mi Old Settlers Trail crosses the Tyson McCarter Place 3.2 mi west of the trail&#39;s junction with the Maddron Bald Trail (near the Sevier-Cocke county line). An unmarked 0.5 mi gravel maintenance road (usually gated, but open to foot traffic) connects the Tyson McCarter Place to USA Route 321, just west of the Rocky Grove community. With the exception of a small clearing containing the barn, corn crib, and smokehouse, and a small clearing containing the house ruins and springhouse, the area is covered in a dense hardwood forest.</p><br>
<h2>Historical structures</h2><br>
<p>The barn and outbuildings at the Tyson McCarter Place were probably built around 1876 (they were definitely built before 1900) The farm was one of a dozen or so farms that once comprised the Webb Creek community. McCarters daughter Olive "Ollie" McCarter (1904&ndash;1998) recalled that she, her father, and her sisters built the farms rock walls, some of which are still standing and run parallel to the Old Settlers Trail for a short distance (rock walls such as these were common in the northern Smokies, where they served the same purpose as barbed-wire fences). The McCarters raised hogs, and used the large barn stalls to house mules. The farm&#39;s main crops were corn, rye, wheat, and tobacco. Their farm also included a peach orchard and an apple orchard.</p><br>
<p>The barn is a one-story double-pen rectangular log "drive-through" barn with an attached lean-to corn crib. The side walls of the barn are built of saddle-notched unhewn logs, whereas the front and back walls are built with hewn logs. The barn&#39;s gabled roof was originally built with hand-split shingles, and the foundation was originally built of loose stones and logs. The two pens are each 11 ft by 16 ft, and are separated by an 8 ft drive-through (wagons were usually parked in the drive-through). The corn crib is built of unhewn saddle-notched logs, and originally included a handmade door secured by a wooden latch.</p><br>
<p>The smokehouse, used for curing meat, is a one-story structure built of hewn, dove-tail notched logs, measuring 11 ft by 17 ft. Like the barn, the smokehouse has a gabled roof originally covered with handmade wooden shingles and a foundation of loose stones and logs. The door and storage shelves are missing. The springhouse, used for refrigeration, is a rectangular structure built of hewn chamfer notched logs, measuring 8 ft by 12 ft. The earthen floor contains a stone trough through which a spring flowed, which kept perishables cool. Two chimney falls, each approximately 9 ft tall and 30 ft apart, indicate the former location of the McCarters&#39; house.</p><br>
<p>The Zarafshan Range  is a mountain range in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, part of the Pamir-Alay mountains. Almost all of the range belongs to the drainage basins of the Zarafshan River.</p><br>
<p>The Persian name is believed to possibly be a reference to gold found in bed of the Zarafshan River and its tributaries, which has ushered prosperity to the region from ancient times.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>The range extends over 370 km in an east−west direction along the south of Sughd Region in Tajikistan, reaching the highest point of 5,489 m (Chimtarga Peak) in its central part. South-west of Panjakent the range crosses from Tajikistan into Uzbekistan, where it continues at decreasing elevations (1,500 -) along the internal border between Samarkand and Kashkadarya Regions provinces, until it blends into the desert south-west of Samarkand.</p><br>
<p>There are two other mountain ranges running in an east−west direction parallel to the Zarafshan Range. To the north, the Zeravshan Valley runs east for approximately 250 km from Samarkand and separates the Zarafshan Range from the Turkestan Range. To the south, the Hisar range runs parallel to the Zarafshan Range. To the west of Lake Iskanderkul, the Zarafshan Range and the Gissar Range are connected by the Fann Mountains, which is the highest part of both ranges.</p><br>
<p>The Zarafshan Range is crossed in the meridional direction by three rivers: the Fan Darya, the Kashtutu Darya, and the Maghian Darrya, all of which flow north and are left tributaries of the Zarafshan. The part of the Zarafshan Range east of the Fan Darya is known as the Matcha Range. It has heights around 5 km and in the east, it is connected to the Alay Range and the Turkestan Range. This point (the Matcha Mountains) is the location of the Zarafshan Glacier, which is 24.75 km long and is one of the longest glaciers of the Central Asia. The northern slopes of the Matcha Range are relatively smooth and descend to the Zarafshan, whereas the southern slopes sharply drop to the valley of the Yaghnob River.</p><br>
<p>The highest part of the range is located between the Fan Darya and the Kashtutu Darya and includes the Fann Mountains. The western part of the range is up to 3 km and is forested.</p><br>
<p>There are several passes crossing the range, including Akhba-Tavastfin, Akhba-Bevut, Akhba-Guzun, Akhba-Surkltat, Darkh Pass, Minora, and Marda-Kishtigeh. Various elevations include 3,550 m at Kshtut Pass, 5,600 m at Mount Chandara, and 4,600 m at Mount Hazret Sultan. Fan Darya makes a gorge going across the ridge. The road connecting Dushanbe and Khujand is built in the ridge.</p><br>
<p>The geological formations in the mountains of the upper Zarafshan Valley contain minerals such as coal, iron, gold alum and sulphur. Gold is reported from the entire course of the Fan Darya, Kashtutu Darya, and Maghian Darya.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The slopes of the range have been populated since antiquity. Prehistoric Siypantosh Rock Paintings are preserved in the Uzbek portion of the range. In about 400 BC, they belonged to the Iranian civilization of Sogdiana. In 330 BC, during the Asian Campaign, troops of Alexander the Great reached the Zarafshan Valley. The name of Lake Iskanderkul clearly originates from the name of Alexander - Iskander; however, attempts to place a connection between the lake and the campaign only exist at the level of legend. Together with the rest of Western Tajikistan, the Zarafshan Range has changed hands several times, being part of the Hephthalite Empire, the Umayyad Caliphate, and the Samanid Empire. In the 13th century, it was taken over by the Mongols, and in the 16th century, became part of the Khanate of Bukhara. The Zarafshan, Yaghnob, and Fan Darya valleys were essentially controlled by local authorities (beks). The fortress of Sarvoda was built to protect the gorge of the Fan Darya.</p><br>
<p>In 1862, the Russian Empire started to penetrate to Central Asia. By 1870, Russian troops occupied both the Zarafshan and the Yaghnob valleys, with the last operation being the Iskanderkul Expedition in the spring of 1870, under the command of the Major General Alexander Abramov. During the expedition, Russian troops took the Yaghnob Valley under control. After 1870, military topographers started to map the mountains, including the Zarafshan Range. In 1870, Alexey Fedchenko lead an expedition to the Zarafshan Valley, and in 1880, Ivan Mushketov discovered the Zarafshan Glacier and investigated the upper part of the valley. In 1892, Vladimir Komarov investigated the Yaghnob valley.</p><br>
<p>In 1868, Zarafshan Okrug was split from the Emirate of Bukhara. The Okrug was controlled by Russian authorities, but the authority at the local level remained with the beks. The whole Zarafshan Range was inside the okrug. On January 1, 1887 Samarkand Oblast was established, with the administrative center in Samarkand. In 1924, Samarkand Oblast was abolished and split between newly established Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic and Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, corresponding to the contemporary division between Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>All valleys of the range are populated. There are no towns in the range; the closest towns are Panjakent and Samarkand. A major road between Dushanbe and Khujand crosses the range; another road to Samarkand follows the Zarafshan River. The roads into secondary valleys, including the Yaghnob valley, are mostly unpaved and poorly maintained.</p><br>
<p>Most of the population of the range are Tajiks. The population of the Yaghnob Valley are the Yaghnobi.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The Fann Mountains, and, to lesser extent, the Matcha Mountains are popular among mountaineers and hikers.</p><br>
<p>The Hawizeh Marshes are a complex of marshes that straddle the Iraq and Iran border. The marshes are fed by two branches of the Tigris River  in Iraq and Karkheh River in Iran. The Hawizeh marsh is critical to the survival of the Central and Hammar marshes, which also make up the Mesopotamian Marshes, because they are a refuge for species that may recolonize or reproduce in the other marshlands. The Hawizeh Marshes are drained by the Al-Kassarah. This river plays a critical role in maintaining the marshes as a flow-through system and preventing it from becoming a closed saline basin.</p><br>
<p>The Hawizeh Marshes have been populated for more than 5,000 years. The Hawizeh Marshes are by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in present-day Iraq and the Karkhen River in present-day Iran. The Marsh Arabs live in Iraq and Hawizeh people live in Iran. From the time of the Sumerians and Babylonians the people used the marshes as a place to live.</p><br>
<p>In the south west of Iran and the south east of Iraq, the Hawizeh and Hammar Marshes are made up of many smalls cities. These cities in the marshes are part of both countries with no border that separates them. So the people can move between Iraq marshes and Iran by the small boats. The city of Marshes were built on water. The people who live there have very simple lives. They make their houses of the reeds of the water without, electricity or cars and they don’t have an education they have just simple lives. The population depends on nature. They fish, hunt, cultivate and breed buffalo. The people use small boats called Al-Mshhove to move.</p><br>
<p>The area where the fresh waters gets to the marshes is far away from the cities. The marshes make a safe home for thousands of migrant animals and birds like “wild squirrels, white eagle, hawks, brown dukes and squirrels every year. So it is a safe home to a lot different kinds of migrant animals who come to raise their young there.</p><br>
<p>The marshes started a long time ago. Around 5,000 years ago, the marshes started by the great rivers Tigris and Euphrates by collision impact. These rivers flooded the land to create the marshes and started a new ecosystem with new animals, birds, fish and plants. That made a great change in that time to original Sumerians and Babylonians who lived there. They lived off the marshes by fishing, hunting and planting. The people came to live in the marshes also, but time changed some of the people’s ideas and beliefs. With the break between the Shia and Mandaean forms of religion, the Shia Muslims came to dominate in the marshes. Some ideas of the original people changed because of this religion and the other ideas remained from the Sumerians. These ideas include fantastic stories about ghosts, curses and extraterrestrials. In 1990-1992 when the Iraq government decided to dry the marshes because they thought an armed group lived there, the population left. After the government decided to dry the water, some of them moved to the cities and the others moved to Iran. After the war in 2003 the Iraqi government open the water the marcher people returned to the marshes. Mashers are now true people of marshes around 5,000 in all of Iran and Iraq and the people like the all different kind of birds what came to marshes they are from different religion like Shia Islam, Mandaeism they have a different ceremony of marriage or believe the life together from long time ago and share the marshes.</p><br>
<p>The Long Beach Main Post Office is a post office building located on Long Beach Boulevard in downtown Long Beach, California.</p><br>
<p>The Art Deco and WPA Moderne style building opened in 1934 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places (as USA Post Office-Long Beach Main) due to its architectural significance in 1985. It remains in operation as a post office.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The structure was built from 1933 to 1934 as a project of the New Deals Works Progress Administration. It is built out of large masonry blocks with terra cotta sheathing. The structures most prominent feature is the central tower rising four-and-a-half stories from the street level. The building&#39;s design has been credited to Louis A. Simon and the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore. From 1933 to 1939, Simon was the head of the Office of the Supervising Architect, an agency of the United States Treasury Department that designed federal government buildings.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s architectural style has been described as "Starved Classicism" and "PWA/WPA Moderne". One writer has referred to the building as "Post-Quake Moderne," due to the fact that the Moderne style of Art Deco architecture was prevalent as Long Beach was rebuilt after the 1933 Long Beach earthquake. In their book, "An architectural guidebook to Los Angeles," architectural historians David Gebhard and Robert Winter described the Long Beach Main Post Office as "PWA Moderne, accomplished with restrained and sophisticated taste."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The proposal for the new main post office building was officially accepted in March 1931, and the groundbreaking took place one year later in March 1932. Construction was underway when the 1933 Long Beach earthquake struck the city. Construction was halted briefly, but work resumed a week later after a survey by contractors showed little damage. The scaffolding was removed from the structure at the end of July 1934, and 5,000 persons attended the opening ceremony in September 1934. The structure has been in continuous operation as a post office since 1934.</p><br>
<p>The Whitefish Range is a mountain range stretching north-south from British Columbia, Canada to Montana, United States. It is about 76 mi long and 58 mi wide. Water flowing from its east side drains down the North Fork Flathead River and its west side drains into the Whitefish River, both part of the Columbia River drainage basin.</p><br>
<p>The mountain range is located north of Columbia Falls north of Flathead Lake, and east of Eureka. The Flathead River separates it from the Swan Range, which would otherwise continue the Whitefish Range southwards. The Whitefish Range, however, is not particularly high. The highest peaks in the USA are Nasukoin Mountain, 8,086 ft, and Lake Mountain, 7,814 ft. In Canada, the highest peak is Mount Doupe, 8,740 ft.</p><br>
<p>The Whitefish Range is located west of Glacier National Park and consists mostly of wilderness. It supports a variety of conifers including western red cedar and Douglas fir, and large mammals including black bears, grizzly bears, mountain lions, and other species of fish, small mammals, and amphibians.</p><br>
<p>Part of the USA portion of the range is protected in the 34,000-acre Ten Lakes Wilderness Study Area on the Kootenai National Forest. Ten Lakes WSA contains more than 89 miles of trails, many mountain lakes,</p><br>
<p>alpine peaks, and excellent views into Canada.</p><br>
<p>Prater’s Mill was built in the mid-19th century. It is located in Varnell, Georgia. Serving the city of Dalton as a working mill, it is now used as the center piece of country fair that showcases cultural history of Southern Appalachia. The country fair consists of mountain music, Southern foods, and living history exhibits and the handmade crafts and original art of 185 talented artists and artisans. Crafts include blacksmithing, spinning, quilting, rug hooking, woodcarving, and hand tufting.</p><br>
<p>At the fair visitor’s take self-guided tours viewing the gristmill, the country store, Shugart Cotton Gin, and Westbrook Barn that has farm animals. Across from the mill, in 1898, the Prater’s store was built. It serves Southern meals that have, pinto beans, turnip greens and dried apple stack cake. Elsewhere throughout the festival are other specialties such as pit-cooked barbecue, apple cider, fried apple pies and churned ice cream. While at the fair, visitors enjoy canoeing on the Coahulla Creek, a walk down the nature trail and pony rides for children. Educational exhibits include a Civil War encampment, working antique engines and “Peacock Alley”, a clothesline display of hand-tufted bedspreads. Ongoing entertainment consists of on stage clogging, country bands, and gospel singers.</p><br>
<p>The Prater’s Mill Country Fair is sponsored by the Prater’s Mill Foundation, a non-profit organization of volunteers dedicated to historic preservation and education. Thirty-nine civic clubs, churches and schools also participate in the community event. The hours are 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on Saturday and 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Sunday. Admission is $7.00, children 12 and under are free. Visitors are urged to dress casually and wear comfortable shoes. Parking is free.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prater’s Mill is one of 70,000 properties on the National Register of Historic Places. Included in the list are all historic areas within the National Park System, over 2,200 National Historic Landmarks, and properties across the nation that have been nominated for the honor.</p><br>
<p>The mill’s heritage runs back to the Cherokee Indians. It was built by Benjamin Franklin Prater in 1855. The water powered mill was originally fitted with the latest in grain cleaning, grinding and sifting machinery, all powered by the Coahulla Creek. As the mill’s popularity grew, Prater added a cotton gin, a saw mill, a wool carder, a syrup mill, a general store, and a blacksmiths shop. For almost a hundred years farmers would line up with their mules and wagons early in the morning to get their turn with the miller’s.</p><br>
<p>During the civil war, the mill was used as campsites for both sides of the war. While used by the Union army, the mill was considered a valuable source for food so it was not destroyed. The Prater family ran the mill until the 1950s. A succession of miller’s ran the mill until the 1960s. In 1971 the all-volunteer Prater’s Mill Foundation took over the mill and began extensive restoration and preservation efforts. Today the mill is best known for the arts and crafts festival held twice a year. Throughout the year, the grounds are a popular site for fishing, cookouts and family reunions.</p><br>
<p>On May 20, 1995 fire was intentionally set on the north side of the mill. Two arson convictions have been made to date. Most of the damage was on the inside of the mill. The force of the fire blew out most of the windows, damaged the roof, siding, electrical system, and destroyed an antique display case.</p><br>
<p>The Royal Theater was a center of African American culture in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Built in 1919, by the 1930s the theater had earned the reputation as "America&#39;s Finest Colored Photoplayhouse". The theater closed in 1970, after attendance dwindled and the threat of the Crosstown Expressway had decimated the neighborhood. </p><br>
<p>In 2000, Kenny Gamble’s Universal Companies purchased the Royal, 1522 and 1536 South, buildings on either side of the theater, as well as 1523, 1537 and 1539 Kater St. (the narrow street just south of South) and 1521–1523 South St. (across the street), from the Preservation Alliance for Greater Philadelphia for $250,000.</p><br>
<h2>Conservancy Lawsuit</h2><br>
<p>In April 2013 Universal Companies applied for a demolition permit claiming the renovation was "economically unfeasible." Universal&#39;s proposal would preserve only the facade and a small portion of the front for culture use while the remaining property would be developed for commercial use. On May 20, 2013 local Philadelphia resident Juan Levy filed in the Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas a petition seeking to appoint local real estate developer Ori Feibush as conservator over the property to save it from further deterioration.</p><br>
<h2>Redevelopment Study</h2><br>
<p>In April 2015 an independent architectural surveyor presented a financial feasibility analysis for various reuse scenarios for the Royal. The surveyor concluded that the building was reduced to a shell and "...there is no use to which the Royal Theater may be reasonably adapted given the cost of renovations and the revenues that can be expected by those uses..." In July 2015 the Philadelphia Historical Commission approved the owners plan to demolish the auditorium and preserve the Royal&#39;s facade which would be incorporated into a new retail and residential building. The redevelopment plan would also need the approval of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission because the owners had obtained a grant in 2008 to stabilize the building.</p><br>
<p>St. Marys Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 13, 1976 and is located in St. Marys, Georgia. The city was first settled in the mid-16th century by the Spanish.</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>The St. Marys historic district is roughly bounded by Waterfront Rd., Norris</p><br>
<p>Alexander, and Oak Grove Cemetery, c. 1787. Contains portions of the original 18th-century town containing</p><br>
<p>residential, commercial, and religious buildings dating from the late 18th-early 20th century. Notable</p><br>
<p>features include the waterfront area, early cemetery, bell cast by Paul and Joseph Warren Revere,</p><br>
<p>and a memorial oak planted the day of George Washingtons burial. It was an important early port city, first settled in the mid-16th century by the Spanish and a haven for expelled French Huguenots in the 18th century.Established by an act of the state legislature on December 5, 1792, and was incorporated in November 1802. It served as Camden County Georgias seat of government from 1869 until 1923.</p><br>
<h2>Gallery of photos</h2><br>
<p>The Burnside Plantation is a 6.5 acre plantation in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It is also known as the James Burnside Plantation and Lerch Farm. The plantation is located 0.2 mi southeast of the intersection with Eaton Road, on Schoenersville Road.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>James Burnside bought a 500 acre tract of land from John Stephen Benezet in 1748. Burnside sold 200 acre a group of Moravians in 1751. In 1758, Burnside&#39;s widow sold the remaining 300 acre to the Moravian Church. The Church leased the plantation to individual farmers from 1765 to 1845. The plantation was sold to Charles A. Luckenbach, who sold it to William Lerch in 1853. It stayed in the Lerch family until 1928, when it sold and was divided between the Hafleighs and the Birks. Lehigh County bought the plantation in 1986 and leased it into a private corporation "to restore, develop, and manage as a living and natural history resource". It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 1990.</p><br>
<p>Orange Hall c. 1830, is located at 311 Osborne St., St. Marys, Georgia, United States, located within the St. Marys Historic District in Camden County and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 7, 1973. In 2011, Orange Hall was added to the list of the state of Georgia&#39;s ten most endangered historic sites by the Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>A good example of the temple-form Greek Revival dwelling. It has been said that Orange Hall was the first example of Greek Revival design in America. There is no more shining example of this style, so favored in the Antebellum South, than Orange Hall. The name originated from the orange trees that surrounded the house. She reigns in a grandeur as you make your entrance into the historic district of St. Marys. Worthy of magazine covers and movie sets, Orange Hall holds a special place in the hearts of all St. Mary&#39; citizens and is a beacon to history buffs who appreciate the grand beauty of this era. It is a frame building with clapboard siding. Other details include: two stories, gabled roof, interior chimneys, front center entrance with side lights and transom surmounted by low pedimented lintel, front tetrastyle prostyle Doric pedimented portico supported by projecting basement, rear center recessed two-story porch.</p><br>
<h2>Historic American Buildings Survey</h2><br>
<p>The Library of Congress, Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record has the following data recorded regarding Orange Hall. Owner in 1934: S.C. Townsend, Date of Erection: 1810-1815, Architect: No record, Builder: No record, Built for the Rev. Horace Southworth Pratt, a Presbyterian minister.</p><br>
<h3>Architectural notes</h3><br>
<p>This building of the Early Republican period is a Doric prostyle temple. The pediment is flattened and the columns are widely spaced. At the rear end is a superimposed inset portico, one porch above the other.</p><br>
<p>The brink basement storey is stuccoed and has stucco quoins of inch projection. In the basement used to be the old kitchen, now marked by its whitewashed walls, a herringbone brick floor pattern and a Dutch oven. The old Dining Room was under the front portico.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Construction and original ownership</h3><br>
<p>The property on which Orange Hall stands today was originally granted to William Ashley, one of the twenty founders of St. Marys, in 1787. Phineas Miller is listed as the owner of the lot when it was sold to Ethan Clarke in 1803. In 1826, the lot was divided and the northern half was sold to the wealthy John Wood and Horace Southworth Pratt, a Presbyterian minister. Pratt had arrived in St. Marys around 1820, established the First Presbyterian Church of St. Marys in 1822, and married Wood&#39;s daughter, Jane, in 1823.</p><br>
<p>In 1829, before construction of Orange Hall began, Pratt’s wife, Jane, died. Pratt remained in St. Marys and remarried a few years later. In 1838, construction of Orange hall completed, with master carpenter Isaac Slayton listed as the builder. In 1839, Pratt, a Yale and Princeton graduate, took a position as a professor at the University of Alabama and left Orange Hall behind. General Duncan Lamont Clinch is thought to have lived there when Pratt left for Alabama. Pratt died in 1840 before he could return to Orange Hall.</p><br>
<h3>Succession of ownership</h3><br>
<p>The property was sold in public auction in 1846 to James Mongin Smith, a wealthy planter from Beaufort, South Carolina. Subsequent owners include:</p><br>
<p>1856 – Francis Adams, Mayor of St. Marys</p><br>
<p>1866 – Elizabeth and Joseph Ryals</p><br>
<p>1869 – Silas Fordham, a town supervisor and farmer from New York who used the home as a winter retreat</p><br>
<p>1911 – Joel Lee Sweat, a judge, representative, and state senator from Ware County.</p><br>
<p>1919 – James Howard Becker, an automobile manufacturer</p><br>
<p>1925 – George and Ruth Fryhofer, who spent little time in St. Marys and briefly lost possession to Camden County due to failure to pay taxes</p><br>
<p>1933 – Effie G. Townsend, who fell upon hard times in World War II and converted the upper floors to apartments</p><br>
<p>1949 – Faye Kelly, daughter of Effie Townsend, who severed two parcels from the original lot</p><br>
<p>1951 – St Marys Kraft Corporation, which bought to house paper mill employees for 10 years</p><br>
<p>1961 – City of St. Marys, which agreed to rename the building the "Gilman Civic Center" and use it as a library</p><br>
<h3>Preservation</h3><br>
<p>Orange Hall fell into disrepair during the 1960s. In 1975, the City of St. Marys, the local Chamber of Commerce, and the Gilman Paper Company, assisted by numerous clubs and individuals, initiated an effort to preserve and restore the building. Work began in 1978 using skilled but unemployed high school students because the historic grant required the use of unemployed laborers, which the coordinators were unsuccessful at organizing. The project was highly successful and completed in 1980.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, Naval Reserve Commander John K. Mott completed an extensive restoration plan for the property. Due to limited available of funding, very few of his recommendations were implemented.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, a group of Navy Reservist Seabees took part in repair and reconstruction activities during their summer active duty session.</p><br>
<p>Sawtooth Lake is an alpine lake in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located high in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lake is approximately 6.8 mi southwest of Stanley. A trail from the Iron Creek trailhead and campground leads approximately 5 miles to Sawtooth Lake. The Iron Creek trailhead can be accessed from State Highway 21 via Sawtooth National Forest road 619.</p><br>
<p>With a surface elevation of 8,435 ft above sea level, Sawtooth Lake often remains frozen into early summer. At the southern end of the lake is Mount Regan at 10,190 ft in elevation.</p><br>
<p>Sawtooth Lake is in the Sawtooth Wilderness and wilderness permit can be obtained at trailheads. The hike to Sawtooth Lake from the Iron Creek trailhead is one of the most popular hikes in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. This trail gains 1,710 ft, takes 5 to 6 hours round trip, and offers great views of Alpine Lake, Alpine Peak, and the Sawtooth Valley. Visitors are permitted to camp anywhere in the National Forest, and Sawtooth Lake often serves as a camp for further hikes throughout the northern Sawtooth Wilderness.</p><br>
<p>Invercauld Castle is a country house situated in Royal Deeside near Braemar in Scotland. It is protected as a category A listed building, and the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Farquharson family settled in the area in the 14th century, and constructed a tower house in the 16th century. A vaulted basement within the present building dates from this time, although the tower house was remodelled in the late 17th century. Further alterations were made through the 18th and 19th centuries, and in 1875 the castle was extensively remodelled by John Thomas Wimperis in the Scots Baronial style. The house retains many Victorian furnishing and paintings.</p><br>
<h2>The estate</h2><br>
<p>The castle estate comprises approximately 200 square miles, set within the Cairngorm National Park, including a length of the River Dee. The tenth laird, James Farquharson, planted significant portions of the estate to woodland to supply the shipyards of nearby Aberdeen. Invercauld&#39;s sporting estate and location near the royal highland home of Balmoral Castle made it a favourite resort of Queen Victoria.</p><br>
<p>Diablo Lake is a reservoir in the North Cascade mountains of northern Washington state, United States. Created by Diablo Dam, the lake is located between Ross Lake and Gorge Lake on the Skagit River at an elevation of 1,201 ft above sea level. Diablo Lake is part of the Skagit River Hydroelectric Project and managed by Seattle City Light. Diablo Lake Trail, designated a National Recreation Trail in 1981, runs for 3.80 mi along the lake&#39;s northern shore.</p><br>
<p>The lake holds rainbow, coastal cutthroat, brook, and the federally threatened bull trout. It is a popular recreational spot for kayakers and canoeists. The unique, intense turquoise hue of the lake&#39;s water is attributed to the surrounding glaciers that grind rocks into a fine powder that is carried into the lake through creeks. That fine powder stays suspended in the lake, giving the water its brilliant color.</p><br>
<p>The Migdal Synagogue is an ancient synagogue, located in Israel on the shore of the Sea of Galilee part of the archaeolgy site of acient Magdala. The synagogue was in use in the Second Temple period , one of several found to date from that period and includes a carved stone representing the menorah, the seven-branched candelabrum that was located in the Temple, making it the oldest such representation in a Jewish context and one that appears to have been made by an individual who had seen the Menorah in the Temple. It is one of the Oldest synagogues in Israel.</p><br>
<p>The historic synagogue was discovered in 2009 during a salvage dig conducted by Dr. Dina Avshalom-Gorni of the Israel Antiquities Authority at the location of a new hotel at Migdal Beach, the site of ancient Magdala. Magdala was a fishing town that was mentioned in Jewish documents of the period as a major site during the First Jewish–Roman War (66CE-73CE) at the time of the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE and is also mentioned in Christian texts as the home community of Mary Magdalene.</p><br>
<p>The synagogue covers approximately 120 m². As in other ancient synagogues, it has stone benches built against the walls. The walls were decorated with elaborately designed and colored frescos and the floor is partially made of mosaics.</p><br>
<p>A representative of the company developing the hotel expressed the firm&#39;s delight at the find, which it hopes to integrate into a visitor center that would attract tourists of all faiths from Israel and from around the world.</p><br>
<p>The architect of the project is, who redesigned the complex to accommodate the antiquities and the synagogue to integrates it to an archaeological park open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Menorah image</h2><br>
<p>The Magdala stone, a carved stone relief shows a seven-branched menorah flanked by a pair of two-handled jugs and a pair of columns. Dr. Avshalom-Gorni called the discovery "an exciting and unique find. This is the first time that a menorah decoration has been discovered from the days when the Second Temple was still standing. This is the first menorah to be discovered in a Jewish context and that dates to the Second Temple period/beginning of the Early Roman period. We can assume that the engraving that appears on the stone, which the Israel Antiquities Authority uncovered, was done by an artist who saw the seven-branched menorah with his own eyes in the Temple in Jerusalem".</p><br>
<p>Scottish Rite Cathedral in Long Beach, California, is a Long Beach Historic Landmark. It is a five-story Romanesque Revival structure built for the local Scottish Rite branch of Freemasonry. It was declared a historic landmark in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The five-story Romanesque Revival building was built for use in the Scottish Rite branch of Freemasonry. It was built from 1925 to 1926 from steel frame and reinforced concrete with exterior granite terra cotta. Architects Wright & Gentry prepared the drawings for the building as well as the Long Beach York Rite Temple. The general contractor on the project was W.E. Campbell.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s auditorium is considered an outstanding example of early 20th Century opulence. The 30-foot-high ceiling has hand-painted designs. The stage measures 27 feet across the front curtain area and is 40 feet deep. It is used for theatrical performances, weddings, and other events. There is seating for 800.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The groundbreaking for the building was in July 1925. Architect Parker O. Wright described the choice of materials as follows: "Steel was selected because buildings of this type are more enduring and more nearly earthquake proof than those of any other material."</p><br>
<p>The cathedral was dedicated in September 1926 in a three-day ceremony during which several hundred individuals were invested with various degrees of Masonry. At the time of its opening, the Los Angeles Times called it "one of the most beautiful structures of its kind in the West." The total cost of the building with furnishings was estimated to be $500,000.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the building became the eighth structure to be designated as a Long Beach Historic Landmark. At the time, the Los Angeles Times referred to it as an "enormous" building with an "imposing facade" and an "elaborately decorated main auditorium."</p><br>
